Proposed Healthcare Refrom Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proposed Healthcare Refrom Act - Essay Example Increasing health insurance premiums and limitations in insurance itself keep people uninsured. The overall effect finally keep people away from early diagnosis and treatments or negligence of health and this will increase the morbidity and mortality rates which affect the living standards and the development of the country (Health Care, 2009). There is a huge difference in the health cost between the countries. Some Asian countries provide similar medical treatments with similar success rates to a cost few folds less than that of the US. Therefore it is interested to find the reason for this difference. Health cost includes not only the price of the medicines used but also the wages of the health staff and insurance company staff, there mortgages, bank charges, allowances, insurance for the building and equipments, transport cost etc. More intermediate involvement unnecessarily increases the final cost. Researchers have pointed out considerable opportunities to improve quality of the health care service while dropping the cost. Some academic medical centers in the country provide high quality service for less than half a cost and those physicians and others are provided with all the infrastructure, incentives and support needed. (Dartmouth Atlas Project, 2006) The proposed health scheme will assess the quality of the health services and inquire the discrepancy between the care providing institutions and take action to cut down unnecessary burden of health care cost. Obama’s plans will allow patients to select their preferred practitioner and most appropriate treatment plan without limiting to the choice of the insurance company. This will also empower people to quarry any doubtful condition of the insurance scheme and act upon medical malpractices and deliberate negligence and compensation. When health cost becomes low citizens are able to undergo early diagnosis and early treatments. This will

Ethics, innovation and entrepreneurship Essay Example for Free

Ethics, innovation and entrepreneurship Essay With reference to one or two organization that you have studied, discuss the influence of ethics and innovation on the role of entrepreneurship (entrepreneur) and intrapreneurship (intrapreneur). Conceptual approaches play a vital role in influencing the role of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in an organization. Innovation, which is one of the concepts, is the ability to think anew by developing new services or products. It is synonymous with risk taking as defined in the entrepreneurial behavior. Organizations that create innovative products take on the greatest risk because they create new markets. It is the act to carve a new niche in it, as deemed by most entrepreneurs. Ethics, on the other hand is the basic concepts and fundamental principles of decent human conduct. Organizations that mobilize this conduct concerned with decisions and what and how to do it. For example, ethical considerations in the role of entrepreneurship and intrepreneurship are revolved around the ways of an organization approaches its customers by instilling good values throughout the conduct, and also through consideration in the branding of the products or services, based on morality as it portrays the image of the organization. These two concepts influence the survival of an organization in the modern world to cater the society’s demands. One of the organizations that best fit these criterions is IKEA. IKEA has introduced various ethical conducts throughout the century. One of its most significance considerations is that IKEA introduced IWAY. It is an ethic code that had been introduced by the founder of the organization as a code of conduct between the organization and its suppliers since the year 2000. It encompasses guidelines concerning working conditions, prevention of child labour, the environment and responsible forestry management. This ethical conduct is to ensure that the suppliers won’t go overboard although things may seem inevitable as most suppliers don’t put that much of concern regarding the issues and most organizations seek for reduced cost. However, IKEA prioritizes morality, and dare to be venturesome, in starting their business with ofits from the quality. This ethical conducts inhibit bribery and anything related to the impropriety andanother organization as it is to ensure that their products are top-notch and can initiate a much greater pr results in creating quality products for the customers, hence providing customers the best of what they should opt for from an organization. It will  promote trust in business, and enhance in the growth of likely more organizations alike to adhere to the same code of conduct resulting a better lifestyle in a society. People benefits from getting to use quality products, while organization and suppliers gain profits as the business go viral from the trust embedded by the customers. However, this code of conduct, to a certain extent, won’t be able to stand a chance against the long run of the business. From time to time, organizations should revise on how they conduct their business as policies change overtime in order to adapt to the current demand of the world. IWAY can’t stay appr opriate for organizations as benefits and importance would be totally different years after. Hence suppliers will end up breaking the guidelines, resulting in contract breaches causing damages and loss to both organizations. Code of conduct, is about refinement in order to get it sustainably carried out, yielding its finest outcomes. In the innovative aspect, IKEA had been coming up with the concept of sustaining the price by introducing the ‘do-it-yourselves’ concept. Lowest price is the basis of IKEA’s concept. IKEA identify new customer needs for furniture from not just from those who can afford but also among the young and less wealthy. So the founder had came out with the idea of designing furniture in kit form, leaving the customer to put them together by themselves hence, reduce the cost of assembly. The furniture is put in flat-cardboard boxes, so that customers can access to the self-service warehouse without using any third-parties. This results in almost 80% of reduced cost for transportation. This innovation, as deemed to be potently reducing most of the cost, comes from having the customers engage in the idea of ‘do-it-yourselves’. IKEA’s prices have been 30% below any other traditional furniture manufacturers. Its contemporary and innovative avant garde idea had garnered both the attention of customers and suppliers. This results in impactful effects on the society as more classes of people would be able to possess high quality products and furniture. IKEA’s ‘do-it-yourselves’ furniture not just exhibit the exquisite design and sophisticated image from the company but indicates their stand in providing quality products in affordable price. This will entirely improve the social standard of a society and cater the demand of the customers, to own furniture that suits their social living within the current globalization. However, this strategy is not foolproof. There have  been numbers of debates on how customers comment that some I KEA’s products are complicated to assemble and in further action, require the need of an expert hence require more expenses. This will get us back to square one where buyers would have to pay for assembling the products. The idea of ‘do-it-yourselves’ is vividly attracting attention of customers and suppliers however, it would be better if proper guidelines and further proposal is planned for this strategy to work. Entrepreneurs are gambling to the fact that they’re selling unfinished products to the customers hoping profits in return, however this won’t be likely to occur without proper planning and detailed reviews. As discussed in the passage above, IKEA is been putting priorities to both the suppliers and also the customers. Attention on the suppliers was to ensure that the raw materials used reach the standard of quality to yield the best products. Customers were given priorities in the aspect of wanting them to buy the products, by taking care their needs, and demands. Exclusion of any of these two societies would leave a profound impact to IKEA itself. But in this aspect, it would be better if slight inclination of priorities were given to the suppliers instead of the customers. A great enforcement on how the expensive raw materials should have been taken into count by IKEA, is essential and should undergo ethical inspection, so that it gratifies the satisfaction of both the supplier and customers. Any organization should be aware that, if the materials are not off good quality, this will affect the selling process, as well as will hinder the profits gained. It is for us to realize that even though entrepreneurship is about approaching the customers need, venturing to their demands, it is highly recommended that we should look back and reflect that without having proper supplies and the right suppliers, none of that would happen. To deduce, both the concepts, innovation and ethics influence the role of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship in an organization. Without the actualization of these two concepts, IKEA won’t be able to achieve such influences in the modern world of furnishing.

Client Centered Therapy Essay -- Carl Rogers, Person Centered Therapy

It is inevitable that in psychotherapy there are numerous theories. Theories arise out of scholarly investigations of ideas on human behavior. Human behavior is an extraordinarily interesting subject and therefore produces a plethora of ideas from a variety of theorists. These theorists are influenced by their education, culture, and time period. One influential theorist is Carl Rogers. His contributions to human behavior have changed many of the theories that preceded him, and his theory contributed to many theories that followed. I want to explore Client/Person Centered Therapy. This is a type of therapy that was pioneered by Carl Rogers. This therapy is different because as the name suggests it solely focuses on the client. 'In focusing on the client, the client’s feelings are deeply explored. The assumption is however, that the client was never able to have their feelings heard by the people surrounding them. Person Centered Therapy would allow the client to then be able to express their feelings openly. According to Strupp (1971), â€Å"psychotherapeutic relationship is in principle indistinguishable from any good human relationship in which a person feels fully accepted, respected, and prized† (p. 39). Thus, there must be a therapeutic alliance between therapist and client. This therapeutic alliance should creative an environment for the client in which the client feels the therapist is judgment-free. I find that Roger's theory to be interesting and seemingly affective. It makes sense that a change in a clients negative relationship patterns would allow freedom for the client to express themselves emotionally. According to Strupp (1971), â€Å"The client, therefore, is not a patient who is sick and who is in need o... ...t's problems. Instead, it should permit the client to feel that she has support to dive into emotions she might have been afraid to do so before entering client centered therapy. It is interesting to note according to Raskin et al. ( 2011), â€Å"Our basic practice [client centered therapy] remains true to the core conditions no matter who our client may be. We also assert that our ability to form an initial therapeutic relationship depends on our own openness to and appreciation of respect for all kinds of difference† (p. 183). I believe that the cultural diversity that CCT maintains is important in a multiplicity open therapeutic environment. The implications for a non discriminatory form of therapy are that it can be used across populations. This allows for broader use of this theory and the chances for positive outcomes is increased because the availability.

Film Critique: “American Gangster”

Film critique is the overall analysis and review of the cast, the performance, the direction, the acting, the overall gesture, shooting set and stage settings, production, dialogues, lyrics, music and everything which is involved in making a movie; starting right from the casting of performers to the launching of the melodrama or the movie which is presented to the public. In short, film critique is the final analysis of a movie which is written in such a good way that makes it publishable in the writing and reading commodity.It is not mandatory that a film critique should always be in the favor of the movie. It could be written against the movie or its makers because of any reason; this reason could be the platform, the story, the casting, the performance, the topic of the movie, anything! In this document, we would present the film critique and review of the movie â€Å"American Gangster† which was made in the year 2007. American Gangster: The Movie: There are several and hu ndreds of movies which are launched and then thrown into the basket without anybody’s notice.But at times, the box office and the audience are hit by a masterpiece. The American Gangster is one masterpiece on which its director, Ridley Scott should be very proud of. Ridley Scott is the ideal pioneer of the melodrama and he has succeeded in keeping his pace in this movie as well. He is the person behind the direction of the fabulous movies such as, the old Roman movie â€Å"The Gladiator†, the science fictional â€Å"Alien† and the â€Å"Blade Runner†; and makes the best of the project while keeping an eye on the whole story and background of the story and moral of the movie.The American Gangster is a melodrama by the king of melodramas and with the finest performance from the performers and actors in this movie (Mondello 2007). It is observed that the movie follows the line of the crime films such as â€Å"The Departed† and possess the variety of O scar award winning actors in the casting. Presented in the year 2007 by the Universal pictures, the usual reviews from all international media sides were very kind to this movie and the audience found it tempting and catchy enough to come and watch the movie but their overall expression is not so captivating as far as the whole impression is concerned.The whole story of the movie is based on a true story and revolves around the rise and fall scenario of 1970’s most powerful drug dealing king of the New York City. The casting consists of two major superstars Denzel Washington (playing the role of the drug lord, Frank Lucas) and Russell Crowe (a responsible cop who is on the hunt to catch the drug lord). Frank is a reliable and worker/friend of Bumpy Johnson since 15 years and decides to take charge of the drug lord position after Bumpy’s death. Frank Lucas becomes the drug lord of underground crime-world who has risen up from the Harlem.He has earned this position by de livering up uncut heroin directly from the Southeast Asian region during the Vietnam War era. His proceedings were determined by the incorruptible and honorable federal investigator Richie Roberts. The film basically focuses on Frank Locus. The script written by Steven Zailliant travels in parallel ways by focusing on two major roles of the two people belonging from entirely contrast fields; one from being the gang lord and other belonging to the law enforcement. This contrast has been set very neatly by the script writer and the director.Frank demolishes the in-way barriers and competitors and becomes the drug lord by bringing drugs from Thailand to U. S via military planes and then flooding the whole city with his uncut drug products, which ultimately makes him the king of the drug world with the huge profits of his drug sales. Previously, Frank Lucas has been a pimp-style flash who prefers to live with a normal style and maintain a low-profile by dressing himself in conventional and old-fashioned style, having breakfast alone in the morning in a local nearby bar and personally does not take interest in involving with his business around.But when he advances, he becomes bold enough to punish the accused person and shoot him in front of everyone on the streets of New York City in the day time. On the other side, detective Richie Roberts (Russell Crowe) is an honest responsible cop who has been assigned the task to administer the task force and bring down Frank Lucas to his end. The whole movie seems to confuse the viewer as how to judge Frank, because it is not really being seen whether to take him as a villain in the movie or as a main title hero character. He does something good; he is capable of doing bad things more and does so.He has a strong positive gesture towards his family and city and it shows that he loves both of them very much; but on the contrary he also makes efforts on vital basis to spread drugs in the city and play major role in the deaths, destruction and drug addiction in the entire city. His role is a mixture of villain, evil character as well as portraits himself as a loving person too. Same is the case with the character of Russell Crowe as he has been portrait as a sweaty honest cop who does brilliant job in the police department but his actual home and love life is a complete failure.He is popular to complete his tasks on time with high performance and do whatever he thinks is right; but at home, he hardly manages to give proper time to his only son and barely communicates with his ex-wife. Both the stars are brilliant characters in their own field. The whole movie shots two men in parallel and we do not manage to see both the stars together till the end, until they finally meet in the last scenes of the movie. The Review:The movie â€Å"American Gangster† doesn’t really starts with a slow pace and we do not seem to see any thrilling actions in the first thirty minutes of the movie and nothing rea lly happens in the story which could change the situation of the movie. Both characters of Denzel Washington and that of Russell Crowe busy in their own circle of life. Denzel Washington being busy in working his heads off; and Russell Crowe being busy with his studies and trying to complete his law degree from the law college. The story of the two men continues to serve as particularly individual narrative stand which later on becomes closer tightly together.As a viewer, most of the people do not find the movie very interesting especially in the beginning and also the ending. The best part is in the middle of the movie. Most of the people find the opening and ending part of the movie boring whereas they like the middle part of the movie quite interesting. (Dargis 2007) There are some flaws or long tails in the movie as well which makes it boring for the viewers. These parts raise questions in minds such as; how come a movie would portrait the life of woman who is ex-wife of a cop w ith so many details and what is the use of focusing on the life of a woman in the story of a criminal drug lord?How many crime concerned movies get the details of a dirty cop who enjoys making other people’s lives miserable? There are at times so many similarities I found with other crime based movies while watching this film that I almost forgot that this movie was actually based on a true movie. There are many shots which are similar with other crime based movies and do not play a distinctive movie as a whole. What the viewers would be interested to know how the drug dealer Denzel Washington dealt with his emotional feelings and nature after becoming the drug lord and how he took it on is psychology.People would be more interested in knowing how Denzel Washington dealt with his subordinates and become the drug lord in detail. This all could have been portrait in better form rather than portraying more on the emotional irrelevant details of Russell Crowe’s wife suffer ings and life. (Dargis 2007) Whatever the movie takes, Denzel Washington is the best actor when it comes to act seriously. He can take the movie and the viewers to their edge if he gets to act and so has he done in this movie as well.As Frank Lucas, Denzel Washington wears traditional old fashioned clothes with a gun tacked up on his belt and makes his own reliable gang by calling off his relatives and inviting them and binding them together in his gang to make a team. This is how he manages to get the title of the drug lord by eliminating his competitors and getting competitive edge to all the criminals in the city. (Gleiberman 2007) Director Ridley Scott seems to like his villain too much, that is why we did not manage to judge who is the hero or who is being the villain in this movie.Ridley Scott has showcased the character of Denzel Washington with lots of positive points along with being the bad guy. He has tried to prove his point in this movie that hope and struggle should be implemented in lives and there is no such word as being a failure or hopeless. Every man has guts to be the best if he tries to. The best shot in the movie could be the one when Denzel Washington (Frank Lucas) shots a man in head on the streets on a daytime in the new York city, the camera moves backward with long focus view; this shot tells the sensitivity of life and territory consumption detail.Nonetheless, the best scene which we have found to be most interesting is the one in which Russell Crowe (Richie Robert) with his task force decides to take over and drag down an incoming military plane and immediately comes in action by putting off all the things and coffins apart. This scene contains all the concentration and emotions which are needed to hold the audience on their seats. The movie â€Å"American Gangster† is rated R which means that it is restricted for the children coming under the age of 17 years who are accompanied by either their parents or guardians because of the drug and violence reference used in the movie.The overall reaction which was perceived by the viewers was that Russell Crowe played the role of Richie Roberts very well better than Denzel Washington being Frank Lucas because he played a different role than he usually plays in other movies; whereas Denzel Washington played the same â€Å"angry man† role which he usually does all the time. However, keeping the same image of the angry man, Denzel Washington did a very good job and no matter what business the movie brought to the team involved in making, it touched the hearts of the viewers and is a movie which we could recommend others to watch to pass time with a normal fine mood.The Team: Directed by Ridley Scott; written by Steven Zaillian, based on the New York magazine article â€Å"The Return of Superfly,† by Mark Jacobson; director of photography, Harris Savides; edited by Pietro Scalia; music by Marc Streitenfeld; production designer, Arthur Max; produced b y Brian Grazer and Mr. Scott; released by Universal Pictures. Running time: 158 minutes. The Cast: WITH: Denzel Washington (Frank Lucas), Russell Crowe (Richie Roberts), Chiwetel Ejiofor (Huey Lucas), Cuba Gooding Jr.(Nicky Barnes), Josh Brolin (Detective Trupo), Ted Levine (Lou Toback), Armand Assante (Dominic Cattano), John Ortiz (Javier J. Rivera), John Hawkes (Freddie Spearman), RZA (Moses Jones), Lymari Nadal (Eva), Yul Vazquez (Alfonse Abruzzo), Ruby Dee (Mama Lucas), Idris Elba (Tango), Carla Gugino (Laurie Roberts), Joe Morton (Charlie Williams), Ruben Santiago-Hudson (Doc), Roger Guenveur Smith (Nate), Roger Bart (United States attorney), Chuck Cooper (private doctor) and Linda Powell (social worker).Works Cited Mondello,Bob; 2007, Movie Reviews – ‘American Gangster', NPR. org, Available online at: http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=15885027 Owen Gleiberman, 2007, Movie Review – American Gangster (2007), Entertainment Weekly, Availa ble online at: http://www. ew. com/ew/article/0,,20155724,00. html MANOHLA DARGIS, 2007, Sweet, Bloody Smell of Success – Movie Review of the American Gangster, the New York Times.

Non Parametric Test

Non Parametric Test is a kind of statistical test that was discovered by Wolfowitz. This test covers a variety of categories and these are the independent samples, dependent samples and the variables relationship with co- variables. To contrast and differentiate measurements is a hard thing to do, one can choose parametric and nonparametric. Non parametric test are those tests that has no postulates about arrangement of population. There a number of nonparametric tests and these includes the Mann- Whitney Test, Wilcoxon and the Kruskal- Wallis test. Mann- Whitney Test is comparing two independent random samples. It has its postulates or assumptions and these are the taking of spontaneous segment of populations, autonomy within data’s gathered and its common independence, its scale is ordinal. The Wilcoxon test or the Wilcoxon signed- rank test is the test that which serves as a replacement of Student’s T test. This was discovered by Frank Wilcoxon. This is comparing a dissimilar measurement that is why it is needed to measure data’s at a gap of measurement. Kruskal- Wallis test, a one way analysis of variance and is used for small samples, it compares unpaired groups. Prism is being used in performing this test. These non parametric tests are usually used in ranking order such as movie reviews. But due to lesser postulates, these non parametric tests are full of vigor or vital. Non parametric tests are easy to use and is much simple than the parametric test. This test can be use on determining the population of those depressed people, emotionally disturbed and mentally ill and it can also be used to know the level or the rank of the most significant reasons why people get emotionally unstable and eventually get depressed.

The Dinka Vs Australia essays

The Dinka Vs Australia essays The culture I have selected is the Dinka. The Dinka have a population of approximately 2 million, making them the largest ethnic group of Southern Sudan. Their lifestyle is simple and primitive. They base their activities and lives around the needs of their cattle. Without cattle the Dinka would not have religion or culture. They value their cattle, not for its meat or milk, but for its religious role. They are usually blacked skinned and quite attractive. They can also be characterized by their height; it is common for the males to be 7 feet tall. Song and Dance are tradition and play a huge role in the Dinka lifestyle. The Dinka place a huge emphasis on Pride and honor. One of the rights of passage in this culture is a fatness contest. Fatness is highly valued and regarded as beauty. Therefore each year this contest is held to see which young man can become the fattest over a 3-4month period. During the contest they drink as much milk as possible and have no exercise. To be the fattest is a great accomplishment and brings you hero status as well as great honor. The young boys strive to make their families proud. The tribe and the expectations of their peers influence them. Each risk their lives; some even die trying to be the fattest. This unusual tradition in the Dinka culture is basically the opposite of our Australian culture. To be fat isnt valued. Teenagers are influenced by models and peers that the skinnier the better. A super model has characteristics such as tall and thin. This is regarded as beautiful in the eyes of our youth. So instead of risking their lives trying to be fat, our youths are in danger of trying to be thin. Eg. Anorexia and Bulimia. Young girls are commonly effected by these diseases in a fight to be the skinniest, therefore the prettiest. Our beauty contests consist of models that are thin. The image of beauty is to be thi ...

Free Essays on Middle Ages

Middle Ages The idea that the Middle Ages were "dark ages" has been exaggerated a lot. In fact the Middle ages are split into three distinct time periods, which were all quite different from each other. There are the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Despite the reputation for being a time when there were no moves forward in Europe, there were actually many important achievements. The Middle Ages lasted from about 500-1500, the time between the end of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The Early Middle Ages were probably the time that most fits the term Dark Ages, even though even they weren’t all bad. Christianity spread a lot throughout Europe during this time, thanks in part to rulers like Charlemagne and Clovis who converted whole lands. But while many people were Christian by name, and the pagan religions were dying out, most people didn’t practice it. One reason for this is that hardly anyone was literate, so they couldn’t read the Bible. Most clergy of the time were even illiterate, and led very secular lives. It was a disgraceful time for the Church, because there was a lot of corruption, such as priests who lived with women and bought their positions. The economic life for most Western Europeans was not much better than the religious and intellectual quality. There weren’t really any great cities and most common people worked in agriculture to provide what they could to keep their families alive. However, in the eighth century Charlemagne succeeded in starting a small renaissance and uniting much of the Frankish territory. He preserved some of the Latin literature that might’ve otherwise been lost and started a few schools to educate monks. Even though the empire fell apart after the death of Charlemagne and Europe once again regressed to an unstable period, it had given a sense of unity to the people and had managed to spread Christianity and some intellectual achievements that laste... Free Essays on Middle Ages Free Essays on Middle Ages Middle Ages The idea that the Middle Ages were "dark ages" has been exaggerated a lot. In fact the Middle ages are split into three distinct time periods, which were all quite different from each other. There are the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages. Despite the reputation for being a time when there were no moves forward in Europe, there were actually many important achievements. The Middle Ages lasted from about 500-1500, the time between the end of the Roman Empire and the Renaissance. The Early Middle Ages were probably the time that most fits the term Dark Ages, even though even they weren’t all bad. Christianity spread a lot throughout Europe during this time, thanks in part to rulers like Charlemagne and Clovis who converted whole lands. But while many people were Christian by name, and the pagan religions were dying out, most people didn’t practice it. One reason for this is that hardly anyone was literate, so they couldn’t read the Bible. Most clergy of the time were even illiterate, and led very secular lives. It was a disgraceful time for the Church, because there was a lot of corruption, such as priests who lived with women and bought their positions. The economic life for most Western Europeans was not much better than the religious and intellectual quality. There weren’t really any great cities and most common people worked in agriculture to provide what they could to keep their families alive. However, in the eighth century Charlemagne succeeded in starting a small renaissance and uniting much of the Frankish territory. He preserved some of the Latin literature that might’ve otherwise been lost and started a few schools to educate monks. Even though the empire fell apart after the death of Charlemagne and Europe once again regressed to an unstable period, it had given a sense of unity to the people and had managed to spread Christianity and some intellectual achievements that laste...

Affordable Discussion Essay Right Here

Affordable Discussion Essay Right Here Discussion essay is a type of academic work, which is often assigned at high school and college. It should include a thought-out and detailed analysis with great conclusions. It’s like an ordinary discussion when you present ideas and points of view. Not all students are good at discussion essay writing since they should demonstrate their diligence, writing skills, and ability to present their own ideas in a convincing way. We would like to offer such students to write discussion essay for them. Advantages of discussion essay writing Firstly, you will get professional help as our writer hold a Master’s degree or a PhD. It’s their job to meet all requirements and formats to provide high-quality papers. If you are interested in some particular style of writing a discussion essay and don’t have any idea how to do it, you’d better ask us for assistance. Our writers know the difference between APA and MLA styles. Your teacher will appreciate your work and your ability to provide a correctly formatted paper. Secondly, you will receive your paper when you need it. It means that you only have to state your deadline. Our writers will make everything possible to meet it. Moreover, they are used to working in such conditions. No matter how short a time frame may be, we will still provide a great discussion essay. Time doesn’t have any influence when the writer knows his job. Thirdly, you can contact our support team any time and get any information you need: from an order procession to its delivery. It usually takes 10 minutes for our managers to process your order and get in touch with you. Then they look for the most appropriate writer for your order. Writers with experience and knowledge in your field are of high priority. Besides, we have one more great function for you to offer. At the time of cooperation, you can consult not only our managers, but our writers, who are always ready and glad to provide any information you would like to know. As you can see, we are here to grant a high-grade discussion essay outline and the work itself. Moderate costs for high quality papers Excellent works can cost affordable sums of money, and we can prove it. What is an average cost for writing a discussion essay? Just check prices on other websites. They could hardly be called affordable or even moderate. We offer services of good quality at reasonable costs. What is more, we offer some profitable discounts for our clients from time to time. Would you like to see it yourself? Check our prices. Do you see the difference? You don’t have to write discussion essay when you can order it and pay an affordable price for it. Most students come back, and we appreciate it.

Technical Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Technical Communication - Essay Example The technical communication differs from academic essay writing for other classes. The research focuses on the variance between other academic essays and the technical communication report. The research focuses on the step by step procedures to be implemented by the readers of the technical communication report. The technical communication, unlike the academic essay, always includes the use of technical language. The research includes a study of the similarities between the technical communication and the academic essay. The technical communications report is a step by step explanation of what should be done to accomplish the organization’s expected end product.In terms of characteristics, the technical communication document (accounting technology communications report) found qualifies as a technical communication. According to Michael Albers (39), the document teaches the procedural steps, unlike the academic essays, to prepare the company’s balance sheet and income s tatement. First, the document explains which accounting account title should be debited or credited for every business transaction that occurs in one day. Second, the document dictates that there should have equal total amounts for both the debit entry total and the credit entry total for the journal entry of each business transaction. Next, the document explains each of the intricate steps in transferring the journal entries to the ledger books. Next, the document explains that the balances of each ledger account balances must be transferred to the worksheet.

Reflection paper on a movie Life is beautiful by Roberto Benigni Essay

Reflection paper on a movie Life is beautiful by Roberto Benigni - Essay Example The setting of the story means that the writing was undertaking a World War II tragicomedy to exemplify some of the very acts of society in those times that he found worth addressing through the medium of filmmaking. On the whole, the film may be seen as being written in what may be seen as roughness of composition because the writer devised a strategy to ensure that the rather horrific theme of war and national agony is presented in a much comic format. In this reflection, a person opinion on the value of the film is presented. There is also an attempt to critic the film with an aim of giving personal opinion as to whether or not I liked the movie. To make the reflection coherent and well organized, specific aspects of the movie shall be selected for analysis including style of writing, themes and value of the film. Critique of Style of Presentation The style of presentation used by Roberto Benigni can generally be regarded as juvenile, freestyle and down to earth. This is because t here were no uses of complex technicalities that require audience and viewers to crack a puzzle while watching the movie. In general tense, the movie was presented in a manner that was easy to understand. A number of strategies were used to achieve this simplicity in presentation. The first was the fact that the writer avoided the use of complex storyline but focused on a direct story revolving around the characters of Guido and Dora and the romantic love that brewed between them. Another strategy that was seen from the style of presentation that made it very simplistic was the fact that the story was clearly divided into two parts of plot sections. This is because in the first hour of the film, the viewer is given much on the romance relationship between Guido and Dora but in the second hour, there is a twist in the plot as much of the sad moments of the setting were introduced. The filmmaker could have easily interrelated these two parts of the film but it would clearly have made it difficult to understand. Reflection on Movie Theme The movie touches on a theme that is directly resounded in its title and that is the theme of life’s beauty. As much as possible, the filmmaker emphasized on the theme of human conviction and the power that the human being has to make life of great worth for himself regardless of undeserving situations and circumstances that they may be confronted with. This theme was empowered around the tragic aspect of the movie, which was the genocide that took place at the time of the Nazi reign in Germany. Not even going into the specifics of the genocide, it can be said that the filmmaker had a mentality of justifying the power of the human conviction above some of the events and situations that were are faced in life with, of which we describe as agonizing and horrifying. This is because as events in the World War II put the rather beautiful relationship revolving around Dora, Dora’s mother, Guildo, Eliseo and Joshua apart, Guido was perceived as having much power in his personal motivation towards life, not to be depressed by events of the war. There is also a theme on human survival in the very moments of times that only the fittest can survive. This is because at the camp, Guildo saw the wisdom in keeping the true situation of the situation between himself and Dora from his son so as to protect their safety. Value of the Film The movie gives a value of hope for the future and the need for mankind to see

Article Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Article Critique - Essay Example The mission of LEAD is to inspire students with excellent academic performance and leadership skills, and who come from different cultures, to pursue business careers. Data collection was triangulated through semi-structured interviews, field observations, and analysis of secondary documents. Analysis included initial coding, pattern coding, and creating a conceptual framework. Findings showed that the themes were: 1) rationales ranged from self-interest to altruism; 2) the rationales changed throughout time; 3) rationales differed in their level of straightforwardness; and 4) the dynamics of rationale building frequently transformed into significant programmatic differences. Siegel (2008) concluded that it is possible that the success of partnerships like LEAD relied on the interpretive work of its participants. He stressed that through their independent and collective interpretations of their rationales, they were able to work toward common goals. This article is related to public relations in education, because these educational institutions collaborated due to public relations needs, among others. Siegel (2008) discussed that organizations naturally pursued their own interests and considered their own benefits, even in collaborative circumstances (p.234). LEAD member corporations mentioned the most salient self-interested rationales, such as having access to talented minorities, pipeline expansion, the chance to generate â€Å"mind share† with a strategically significant group, attainment of market intelligence, constructive public relations, maximizing portfolio of other diversity-related efforts, and gaining a competitive advantage over rivals (Siegel, 2008, p.234). Connecting to communities and establishing public relations are some of the benefits that these organizations pursued (Siegel, 2008, p.234). In particular, the ethics of public relations concerned understanding their rationales and ensuring that their rationales will lead, neither them nor others, into harm. This article is valid, because it collects data through several measures, specifically: semi-structured interviews, field observations, and analysis of secondary documents. These diverse measures ensure that data can be validated and referenced through other sources of information. In essence, Siegel (2008) evaluated the difference between the rhetoric of rationale building and the sentiments of participants too. This article also presents convincing findings and conclusions, because the author did not overlook the interconnection between self-interests and collaboration. He did not undermine self-interest as an important factor in building collaborations and establishing public relations. This article is also relevant, because it explores the role of rationale building in forming pertinent collaborative efforts. The framing of rationales depends on how members understand their alliance and how they aim to promote their interests through this alliance. This pa per agreed with Siegel (2008) that the framing of rationales affects the tone and movement of the collaboration, because incompatible frames will inevitably obstruct commitment to goals and implementation. Indeed, the â€Å"ways in which participants conceive of and articulate their rationale, then, may have important implications for outcomes or judgments of value†

Building Cost Estimation and Calculation of Construction Profit Essay

Building Cost Estimation and Calculation of Construction Profit - Essay Example Item rate contracts Sources of profit specific to item rate contracts: 1. Profit as a percentage of each executed item from tender. Contractors try to reduce low-margin items and increase high-margin items. 2. Profit from sub-contractors. 3. Profit from administrative reimbursable expenses borne by client. 4. Profit from delays caused due to client, or design changes. Cost plus fee or Cost plus percentage contracts Sources of profit in cost plus fee contracts: 1. Profit as a percentage of expenditure. Higher the project cost, higher the profit. 2. Profit from efficient material purchase. Material is bought low and contractor's fee is calculated as a percentage of a higher material cost. Profit from material and from administrative charges. Not possible if material bought by client. Labour contracts 1. Profit from labour. 2. Profit from administration, site office and other reimbursable expenses. Design-Build Contracts. Sources of profit in Design-build contracts: 1. Profit on design services. 2. Ability to maximise profit through influencing the design process. 3. Reduction in costs through better coordination and streamlining of execution. 4. Control of costs through easy and efficient tracking of changes and adaptability to change. PFI (Private Finance Initiative) or BOT (Build Operate Transfer) contracts: The only way for contractors executing such projects it to maximise revenue by operating the project for a specified period of time that is deemed to be sufficient for the contractor to recoup expenses and a reasonable profit. Such contracts are given for large public projects like roads or power plants. In conclusion, a contractor has two avenues of maximizing profit from a project; direct and indirect methods. Direct methods are...Material is bought low and contractor's fee is calculated as a percentage of a higher material cost. Profit from material and from administrative charges. Not possible if material bought by client. The only way for contractors executing such projects it to maximise revenue by operating the project for a specified period of time that is deemed to be sufficient for the contractor to recoup expenses and a reasonable profit. Such contracts are given for large public projects like roads or power plants. In conclusion, a contractor has two avenues of maximizing profit from a project; direct and indirect methods. Direct methods are those that are built into the contract, and indirect are those profits that accrue due to an efficient and well managed project team.

System Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

System Development - Assignment Example As SDLC is comprised of seven distinct stages: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, execution, and maintenance. This paper takes a detailed explanation on whether or not all systems development projects use the SDLC. Further, will determine whether or not it’s wise to recommend the SDLC as a CTO for all my organizations’ technology projects. In every project there must be activities associated with project initiation, planning, analysis, design, execution, and deployment. The use of the SDLC framework is mandatory for all major  information technology  development projects and is also applicable for smaller IT efforts. The nature of the project determines the best approach to use. In order for the information system to succeed, it’s mandatory to use all seven phases. Although SDLC has many different versions of information systems, follow-up with different steps as well (Avison & Fitzgerald 2006). Sarkar et al (2006), note that there are advantages and disadvantages in the SDLC systems. By understanding and learning these differences will help in the process of considering using an SDLC system. Whether or not you or your organization will ever become interested in using these systems; the knowledge of their existence and the capabilities that they offer will be an asset of ones awareness. The Software development lifecycles (SDLC) help to describe the processes, procedures, and artefacts a team is used in an organization. When recommending the SDLC implementation, all of these methodologies they have places where they work well and where they do not. Cockburn (2000) indicates that the factors that go into selecting an SDLC include team location, team size, the risk of errors, when to market, the number of probable changes, how long the project last, and maintenance releases will be required. Further, understanding the basic concepts of software development

Drugs, Alchohol and tobacco Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Drugs, Alchohol and tobacco - Essay Example The disease of substance abuse is distinguished by compulsivity, or the irrational, negligent, uncontrollable act of resorting to drugs, alcohol, and tobacco (French et al., 2010). This essay tries to prove that addiction is a disease through a thorough examination of the nature and extent of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use in the United Kingdom. Some people consider addiction a disease because a number of occurrences can be associated with a biological tendency and because addictive substances alter the brain. Nevertheless, every goal-directed action is moderated by the brain, and acquired behaviour is largely influenced by changes in mental functioning (Pates & Riley, 2012). For instance, genetic research suggests a biological tendency towards different kinds of criminal activities, and it appears probable that later studies will reveal that particular environmental phenomena change the brain in ways that raise the possibility of aggression or violence (Ghodse et al., 2011). Hence, by the principle of biology, criminal acts would in time develop into a disease. The assumption that addicts abuse substances against their will has been fluently explained by researchers and medical practitioners. Miller and Chappel (1991 as cited in Brownsberger & Heymann, 2009, p. 100) stated that addiction is a disease because addicts have a n uncontrollable urge to abuse substances. Yet, the assumption that behaviour is ‘uncontrollable’ does not appear to involuntarily make it a disease. Moreover, the argument that addicts are not capable of controlling their substance use is incorrect (Barton, 2012; Rassool, 2008). For instance, DSM criteria classify people who smoke one pack a day as addicts, but ever since the 1964 statement of the Surgeon General on the health impacts of smoking, tens of millions of heavy smokers have stopped smoking (Brownsberger & Heymann, 2009, pp. 100-101). Furthermore, majority of them quit without clinical support; they

System Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

System Development - Assignment Example As SDLC is comprised of seven distinct stages: planning, analysis, design, development, testing, execution, and maintenance. This paper takes a detailed explanation on whether or not all systems development projects use the SDLC. Further, will determine whether or not it’s wise to recommend the SDLC as a CTO for all my organizations’ technology projects. In every project there must be activities associated with project initiation, planning, analysis, design, execution, and deployment. The use of the SDLC framework is mandatory for all major  information technology  development projects and is also applicable for smaller IT efforts. The nature of the project determines the best approach to use. In order for the information system to succeed, it’s mandatory to use all seven phases. Although SDLC has many different versions of information systems, follow-up with different steps as well (Avison & Fitzgerald 2006). Sarkar et al (2006), note that there are advantages and disadvantages in the SDLC systems. By understanding and learning these differences will help in the process of considering using an SDLC system. Whether or not you or your organization will ever become interested in using these systems; the knowledge of their existence and the capabilities that they offer will be an asset of ones awareness. The Software development lifecycles (SDLC) help to describe the processes, procedures, and artefacts a team is used in an organization. When recommending the SDLC implementation, all of these methodologies they have places where they work well and where they do not. Cockburn (2000) indicates that the factors that go into selecting an SDLC include team location, team size, the risk of errors, when to market, the number of probable changes, how long the project last, and maintenance releases will be required. Further, understanding the basic concepts of software development

Managing the employment relationship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Managing the employment relationship - Essay Example mmunicated down to the employees and workers is affected by line managers who lack effective communication skills and the information is ultimately relayed in an untimely way. Small and medium scale enterprises depend on relations between owners and employees. This level of informality fosters positive social relations of production and helps develop close team working, and facilitate rapid and direct communication channels. On the other hand, this same informality situation also presents the problem for subjective, highly-discretionary, ill-informed and unjust managerial approaches. The negative outcome of this set-up can lead to a poor firm performance and consequently, presents a poor safeguard for the protection of employee rights. Smaller companies tend to ignore important labour rights of workers. Hence, there are calls for improving employee participation and employee grievance procedures in small firms such as SMEs. Generally, smaller organisations like the SMEs adopt varying degrees of informality in their labour management practices, hence the adoption and incorporation of any formal employment regulation to these firms can be challenging in the area of compliance. A distinct possibility is to encourage these firms by way of specific government regulations to set up alternative systems for addressing employee rights and grievances. basic right for workers to extend a degree of control over managerial decision making in a Small and Medium Scale Enterprise (SME). Economic efficiency emphasizes that it makes sense for employers to encourage closer employee participation in the business as it creates more understanding and commitment. These practices actually mean a lot to the participants and these schemes fosters organisational effectiveness and employee well-being. (Dundon et al. 2004) Direct employee participation takes on renewed forms. Direct participation involves individual techniques such as written and electronic communications, face-to-face

Project Management and Leadership Essay Example for Free

Project Management and Leadership Essay Leadership is a set of profound practical approaches that determine the success of various change projects within any organizational context. Leadership has already turned into the instrument of guidance and direction for the majority of international and local companies. The close conjunction of leadership and management guarantees that the company will take stable position on the market in the long-term period. Leadership helps determine the basic priorities of the company’s development and lead the organizational process towards predetermined goals and objectives. Innovation and change remain the two key components of the successful leadership; the ability to implement innovative decisions and strategic changes determines the success of any leadership strategy that is implemented within specific company. The development of shared vision, communication strategies, and commitment determines the success of management projects in the constantly evolving organizational environment. Successful leadership: innovation and change Change is the key to successful management. The ability to implement changes determines whether the company is able to stay afloat in the constantly changing competitive environment. Change is intensely personal. For change to occur in any organization, each individual must think, feel, or do something different† (Duck, 1993). That is why leadership skills require understanding the significance of change. Leadership cannot exist without change; without leadership, the change cannot become real. For the change to become relevant and useful, the leader should guarantee that all followers have their experience and thinking conversed to end up in the â€Å"at a predetermined place at approximately the same time† (Duck, 1993). Such approach to leadership will ensure that the leader and the followers follow the same leadership line, clearly understand their performance goals, and possess sufficient and effective tools for achieving these goals. These leadership approaches will also insure the sharedness of thinking, and the leader’s realization of possible problems and obstacles on the way towards organizational and performance highs. Change requires innovative thinking; change means developing new thinking; change implies meeting the challenges which leaders and followers have never confronted before. The combination of innovation and change in leadership serves the instrument for addressing the major challenges and tasks within any organizational framework. However, how do we shape the required leadership framework that allows implementing changes and affecting the process of organizational performance? Several key factors determine perfect leadership. Leadership is the critical element that guarantees appropriate balance between leaders, managers, and employers from all company’s divisions. To be a leader and to manage changes means to be able to stabilize the relationships between the leader and the group of followers, who further carry the leader’s vision of organizational change across all organizational levels. Duck (1993) writes that managing change means managing the conversation between the people leading the change effort and those who are expected to implement the new strategies, managing the organizational context in which change can occur, and managing the emotional connections that are essential for any transformation. Thus, leadership is the source, the initial stage, and the ruling force of transformations within any organizational context, but it becomes irrelevant if the leader is not able to deliver the message, the mission, and to develop emotional connections between the separate elements of the organizational structure. Leadership is impossible without conversation; leadership is also impossible without the already mentioned emotional connections. Leadership cannot turn into management, and cannot bring any positive results if is does not turn into the tangible set of organizational goals. Such transformation is impossible if the leader fails to speak his ideas to the followers in a way that makes them comprehensible and achievable. The leader’s ability to speak the goals and methods of organizational change implies that the leader is able to move the employees out of their control zones, and to establish the sense of urgency in terms of any organizational change and any organizational objective. Overestimation of leader’s abilities to move people ahead is one of the major mistakes a leader makes at the first stage of implementing change. Most successful change efforts begin when some individuals or some groups start to look hard at a company’s competitive situation, market position, technological trends, and financial performance† (Kotter, 1995). However, it is not enough for a good leader to realize the scope of the needed changes, and the need to change the current organizational context; successful leadership has a clear vision of how the minds of the followers should be changed to make them follow the leader and to realize the critical need for a change. Followers should be moved; they should be pushed towards changes. Followers require motivation, and a successful leader is the source of this motivation. To see the need for change may be easy, but it is a deceptive impression. In reality, the first stage of change management is the most difficult of all: employees should be motivated and driven. As soon as the employees and followers are motivated and driven towards change, the next stages of change implementation will be faster, easier, and more goal-oriented. A good leader will never quit if change efforts fail at the initial stage of change initiative. A good leader is able to distinguish the major problems, to facilitate the frank discussion of these problems with the followers, and to further promote the importance of change championships across all company’s departments. Here, ideal leadership combines the sense of urgency with the ability to persuade the followers that the first failure does not indicate the need to give up the whole change management process. The sense of urgency is always reasonable and important: â€Å"when the urgency rate is not pumped enough, the transformation process cannot success and the long-term future of the organization is put in jeopardy† (Kotter, 1995). A successful leader will never be too safe; a successful leader will not be too cautious, but will constantly move towards the predetermined goal, overcoming obstacles, meeting challenges, and inspiring the followers. The urgency rate is high enough to transfer to the next stage of change management, when the three quarters of the company management are convinced that change is inevitable. â€Å"People in the organization may need to hear a message over and over before they believe that this time, the call for changes is not just a whim or a passing fancy. It takes time for people to hear, understand, and believe the message† (Duck, 1993). A successful leader is not only able to deliver the message, but can objectively evaluate the responses from team members. Duck (1993) says that â€Å"what counts is the point of view of everyone else in the organization†, and the success of change management depends on whether the leader is able to interpret, reinterpret, and reevaluate the way followers see the ultimate goals of organizational changes. Communication and balance requires understanding whether followers believe in the success of change, and whether they know what this change means for them and for the organization in general. The leader’s role is to understand whether employees require leadership assistance to better understand the ultimate goals of the implemented change, and whether they are able to communicate their concerns to the leader. When the leader is able to pass the first stage of change management and to incorporate his vision into the minds and souls of employees, the next stage is to make the followers communicate their opinions. A perfect leader will never compel his followers to deliver â€Å"a winning love vision† as soon as employees are involved into change management process (Davenport, 2005). To expect this type of response means to put the whole change management process under the threat of failure. The need to communicate is justified by the need to create different systems of employees’ opinions and thoughts; these subsequently form cohesive working teams that further lead the organization to a new changed position. For a good leader, the followers’ viewpoints are the keys to creating an integrated and well guided coalition of thinkers who realize the need for the change and are ready to act. A good leader understands that a good team is not created overnight; â€Å"the leadership coalition grows and grows over time† (Kotter, 1995). A good leader understands that it is not necessary to involve all senior managers into change management process; on the contrary, a careful analysis of the team members is required before they enter the change process altogether. â€Å"In both small and large organizations, a successful guiding team may consist of only three to five people during the first year of a renewal effort. But in big companies, the coalition needs to grow to the 20 to 50 range before much progress can be made in phase three and beyond† (Kotter, 1995). A good leader realizes that the number of team members is not critical; content is more important when it comes to guiding change initiatives. Leadership implies the importance of team integrity and performance integrity (Sirkin, Keenan Jackson, 2005). â€Å"By performance integrity, we mean the extent to which companies can rely on teams of managers, supervisors, and staff to execute change projects successfully† (Sirkin, Keenan Jackson, 2005). The integrity between the leader, managers, supervisors and the staff determines the stability and success of leadership. Senior managers are frequently reluctant to invite key performers into the team, but a successful leader realizes the value and importance of these performers for the whole process of change management. That is why the company should make everything possible to free these performers from their routine work and to provide them with sufficient â€Å"change freedom† within the change team. With the key performers being involved, the project team will be able to handle a wide range of pressures, challenges, and obstacles.

EE cummings :: essays research papers

Not every day, a writer changes the way people write forever. ee Cummings created his own style of writing, and many people use it to this day. Before Cummings all writing was based on the rules, Cummings made his own rules. Cummings writings have influenced many writers to make there own rules. Cummings had an amazing life. Not only was Cummings a writer but also an artist. Cummings was very intelligent, Cummings parents knew this and encouraged him to develop his creative gifts early in his life. Cummings work experiences changed his life forever. ee Cummings is more widely imitated and more easily appreciated than any other modernist poet. Edward Estlin Cummings was born, October 14, Cambridge, Massachusetts to Edward and Rebecca Haswell Clarke Cummings. THe cummings household include at various times Grandmother Cummings, MISS JANE CUMMINGS ("Aunt Jane"), EEC's maternal uncle, GEORGE CLARKE, and younger sister ELIZABETH ("Elos"), who eventually marries Carlton Qualey. EEC attends Cambridge public schools, Cummings parents encouraged him to develop his creative gifts early in his life. Cummings father Edward Cummings was a college professor at Harvard University and also later became a pastor at South Congregational church. In 1911Cummings Enters Harvard College, specializing in Greek and other languages He contributes poems to Harvard periodicals, is exposed to the work of Ezra Pound and other modernist writers and painters While at Harvard Cummings delivered a daring commencement speech on modernist artistic innovation, thus announcing the direction his own work would take. Cummings published his first poem in the Harvard monthly. In 1915 Cummings Graduates Harvard Magna cum Laude, and in 1916 Cummings receives M.A. for English and Classical Studies. After Harvard Cummings lives in New York with artist ARTHUR WILSON. Cummings Works for P. F. Collier & Son. Cummings joins Norton-Haries Ambulance Corps. Sails for France on La Touraine, meeting on board another Harjes-Norton recruit, WILLIAM SLATER BROWN, who will remain his lifelong friend. After several weeks in Paris ee cummings and Brown are assigned to ambulance duty on Noyon sector. Brown's letters home arouse suspicions of French army censor.

The Devil in Joyce Carol Oates Where Are You Going, Where Have You Bee

The Devil in Joyce Carol Oates' "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?" Her name is Connie, and she is not unlike many girls of the time she lives in. She is vain, she is constantly at war with her family, and she is in an incredible rush to grow up. Her race to maturity is the trait focused on in Joyce Carol Oates' "Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been." It splits Connie into two different personalities: 'One for home, and one for anywhere that was not home' (431). Everything about her?her walk, her smile, and her laugh?metamorphoses as soon as she steps out the front door. The child is hidden, the seductive young woman emerges, and the world of the ?big kids? is more than willing to take her in. This world is what she thinks she wants, until the day a shiny golden convertible pulls into her driveway and the the mysterious Arnold Friend emerges. Through Arnold Friend, Connie learns that her rush to grow up is foolish and that she is trying to jump into a world that she knows nothing about and that could be potentially dangerous. She ultimately releases her dream and clings to her family as never before, realizing that their firm grasp on her is not for their benefit, but her own. Joyce Carol Oates?s vivid description of Arnold Friend carries the most emotional freight, as the evil behind his apparent glamor brings about Connie?s change. Though he takes the outer appearance of a normal boy, everything about his behavior suggests that he is the Devil himself in disguise. The most obvious aspects of Arnold Friend that suggest that he is the Devil in disguise are his physical features. For example, several references are made to the abnormality of his feet. As he walks about, he stumbles... ...s images of Arnold Friend, suggesting that he is the Devil in disguise, make the story both moving and successful. Connie?s fright at the face of the Devil is shared by Oates?s audience, making it easier for them to understand both the emotional impact of her struggle and the gravity of the lesson being taught by the story: things are not always as they seem. Connie?s fright at the discovery of Arnold?s true nature is comparable to Eve?s fright at the awareness of good and evil. Connie jumped into a world that was as appealing to her as the serpent?s shiny red apple was to Eve, only to discover that everything beyond the savory exterior was fraught with venomous poison. Reference Oates, Joyce Carol, ?Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been?? reprinted in X.J. Kennedy?s Literature: An introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama, 5th ed (Harper Collins, 1991).

Is Othello a Tragic Play?

Othello is a character displaying all the classic traits of a tragic hero. Linguistically he is eloquent in style; â€Å"Rude am I in my speech and little blessed with the soft phrase of speech† (1.3.82-3). This also implies his modest side although he generally acts as an epic hero as opposed to a Christian leader and this too is reflected in his highly courageous and endearingly care-free speech: â€Å"he that stir next, to carve for his own rage, holds his soul light: he dies upon his motion† (2.3.169-170). His peers also recognize him as heroic; Montano calls him ‘brave Othello' (2.1.37) and a ‘worthy governor' (2.1.30). This case relies on the assumption of Iago's completely evil nature and indeed he is generally scene as one of Shakespeare's most despicable characters. He has a multitude of motives. Resentment and jealously of Cassio's promotion: he wishes ‘to get his place'- (1.3.391-2) and once demoted says, ‘how do you now, lieutenant?' Hatred of Othello: ‘doth like a poisonous mineral gnaw my inwards and when Iago goes on to taunt Othello with degrading sexual images of Desdemona (3.3.205) is this hatred not perfectly visible? These accusations have little just cause and it is Othello we empathise with. Othello deals gracefully with the crude racism that was common for the time and concurrently treats his peers with equality and respect and is the model gentlemen when his wife is concerned. In the very first act there is a distinct theme of racism as Iago and Roderigo let their true feelings be known as they discuss Othello: â€Å"And I – God bless the mark, His moorship's ancient!† This is clearly sarcastic with the deliberate intent of mocking he of the ‘thick lips' and Roderigo responds, â€Å"By heaven, I rather would have been his hangman†. He also displays his naivety, which could be perceived as a fatal flaw, as he insists on calling Iago ‘honest ‘ persistently throughout the play

Poetry Analysis: “Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God, For You” Essay

John Donne’s â€Å"Batter My Heart, Three-Personed God, For You† is an Italian sonnet written in iambic pentameter. The poem is about a man who is desperately pleading with his God to change him. He feels imprisoned by his own sinful nature and describes himself as betrothed to the â€Å"Enemy† of God, namely Satan. The speaker has a truly passionate longing to be absolutely faithful to his God, but at the same time is rendered hopeless by the reality that he cannot possibly achieve this on his own. In fact, he would have to be captured and completely made anew to ever find such faith. The entire poem is driven by this desperate longing for renewal. The speaker seems to start with a request that illustrates his despondency simply because of its harshness. (He requests to have his heart battered.-ln 1) As he continues in prayer, the character becomes more distraught. He explains his feelings of total helplessness in the simile found in line five, where he compares himself to an usurped town. By line eleven he has professed his deep-rooted love for his God and his awareness that he will never be faithful to this love unless he is torn and broken and then made new. In each breath released or word murmured by this character, the reader is perfectly aware that he is at the last of any strength he may have previously had. The speaker is quite aware that he is powerless on his own. He holds nothing back in this cry to his God for help, but instead is completely humbled by his sin. The words are full of a desperate longing to finally have a true, purely faithful love for his God. This desperation drives the entire poem from the very first word to the last. The primary technical device in this poem is the use of contradicting ideas, or paradoxes. The speaker consistently asks his God to grant him a request that can be gained only by going in what seems to be the opposite direction. He requests to be overthrown so that he may rise and stand (ln 3), and even more vividly to be ravished only so he can become chaste (ln 14). In nearly every sentence Donne writes, there is an example of such a paradox. The repetition of these opposing concepts makes the tone of desperation in the  speaker’s words easily detectable. A man has to be at his absolute end to ask that his God do more than simply seek to mend his wounds. The speaker declares in lines one and two that he would rather be battered. The fact that the voice of the speaker seems to be crying out these requests with no restraint proves that he is completely consumed by this need for the resulting faithfulness that is ensured. The words of the poem are harsh and severe. Their hard sound allows the reader to truly understand how weak and wounded the speaker feels. An imagery that touches the reader’s sense of feeling, both physically and emotionally, is illustrated predominantly throughout the verse. The words paint perfectly the horrible images of being imprisoned, broken, or ravished. The reader feels the pain that would be brought if these things actually occurred. At the same time the harsh words and images cause the reader to also identify with the emotional state the speaker has to be in to make such requests. Donne also uses other poetic devices that cause the reader to feel the words instead of simply reading them. For example, the alliteration in line four (break, blow, burn) brings with it the feeling of being knocked down or overthrown simply by its beating rhythm. The structure of the poem’s sentences also seems to stress the speaker’s current state more than the help that would be brought by his God intervening. Donne does this by placing these improved results in the middle of the sentences as subordinate clauses, causing the reader to give less emphasis to the possibilities for healing and focus more on the speaker’s current state of hopelessness. Donne’s poem is overall captivating, real, and moving. It stirs emotion inside of the readers and holds their attention with the harsh reality that this poem is the description of nearly all people who have faith. Though the phrase â€Å"three-personed God† is an allusion to the Christian triumvirate, anyone who is deep-rooted in their religion can relate to this desperate longing to be faithful to their God in a real and passionate way. Though hard to believe, most of those people probably feel that this poem was based on a passionate prayer from their very own heart.

A Report on Youth Unemployability in India Essay

Students have weak foundations because of which they are not picking up new skills. Picking up new skills can develop only when the people lose faith on conventional wisdom. This sentence may appear arbitrary in the beginning but there is a catch. The new skills can never be picked up unless we promise to unlearn old one. By unemployable, we refer to individuals who have to be trained by the industry in basic skills which they should have acquired through college and university education,† said by Manish Sabharwal, Chairman, TeamLease Services. Our institutions are misaligned with demand. We need a modular framework of courses covering a mix of knowledge, skill and work-attitude modules that fit people to high volume vocations and incentivise ‘edupreneurs,'† avers Visty Banaji, Executive Director, Godrej Industries. While problems of unemployment are not new, the rise in number of people who are unable to meet the industry’s needs due to the failure of institutions to impart career-oriented knowledge and skills-set is a pressing problem, as it can hamper India’s double digit growth. The skill deficit hurts more than the infrastructure deficit because it sabotages equality of opportunity and amplifies inequality while poor infrastructure maintains inequality (it hits rich and poor equally),† A recent survey throws light on the problem, problems with the educated youth. They are mainly lacking three types of skills. 1. Communication skill 2. Analytical skill and problem solving 3. Domain. While in interview approximately 60% candidates are screened due to lack of communication skills. Rest 25% is screened for analytical skills and 5% for their lack of knowledge in their respective domain. Hence 90% of educated youth are lacking in one of these three main skills required for job and employment. Only 10% of educated force of India is employable. Several companies have introduced strategies entwined with the college syllabus to equip students with the latest demands of the industry and thereby customize education accordingly. Information Technology major Infosys has the campus Connect initiative with engineering institutions in Mysore, Bangalore, Pune and other cities, through which workshops and seminars are held for students to provide them with industry-specific exposure. Likewise, ICICI Bank is working in upgrading curriculum in areas like wealth management and credit relationship sales with institutes like MDI, NMIMS and so on. As a natural growth pattern, this strong base then needs to be given adequate options towards vocational training. The critical pillar in the strategy to tackle the employability challenge is thus the school education system. The next is vocational training.

Radio-Frequency Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Radio-Frequency Identification - Essay Example Radio waves found to be useful in many other fields and identification and tracking of objects is one among them. The technology used for the identification or tracking of objects with the help of radio waves is called Radio frequency identification or RFID. More precisely, radio frequency identification (RFID) describes a â€Å"system that transmits the identity of an object or person wirelessly, using radio waves† (What is RFID?, n. d). This paper briefly analyses history and various features of RFID. History and Evolution of RFID During the middle half of twentieth century, barcode technology has evolved to identify objects using some printed lines. During the same period itself, researches to develop RFID tags were started and â€Å"the first active form of RFID was developed by British scientist, Watson-Watt and his team during this period (Roberti, 2011). Commercial use of barcodes started in the 1960’s. In the 1970’s universal grocery product identificati on codes and universal product codes were introduced. In the early part of 1990’s IBM developed an ultra-high frequency (UHF) RFID system. This technology contributed heavily to the development of electronic product coding (EPD) technology. The present Universal Product Code and bar code technologies were evolved from EPD. Between 1999 and 2003, EPD technology developed a lot and the current form of bar codes to identify products evolved out of it (Roberti, 2011). RFID tags and barcodes appear to be similar in its functioning. Both are used for identifying objects. At the same time there are certain differences in the functioning of barcodes and RFID tags. While bar codes need printed lines for identification, RFID tags needs nothing like that. RFID tags can be used to identify even distant objects whereas barcodes have limitations in doing so. Moreover RFID tags work much faster than barcodes. In short, bar codes and RFID tags have different uses and both are used for differ ent purposes. Components of RFID Tags/transponders, Readers/Antennas/transceivers, Middleware etc are the major components of RFID. Tags are the major part or heart of any RFID system. It stores information about the object being tracked in its memory. RFID readers read this information from the tag memory to identify the objects. Data transfer between tag and memory is taking place with the help of radio waves of suitable frequency. Readers and antennas are used for the transmission and reception of radio waves between tags and Middleware software. â€Å"Middleware software is responsible for data retrieving from readers, data filtering, monitoring of tags, storing tracking histories etc† (Overview of RFID Components, 2006, p.1-2). Tags or transponders consist of an integrated electronic circuit in which a capacitor is enclosed to send and receive signals from the object. The electronic circuit of the tag could be read only and in some cases it could be used to read or write information. Antennas are usually powered by batteries or usual power supply. These antennas will be connected to a laptop using wireless technologies so that the computer can send and receive instructions to it (Basic RFID Components, 2003). RFID tags are usually enclosed in a plastic container in order to avoid any damages to different climatic conditions. It is capable of reading signals from any objects irrespective of whether the objects are dirty or covered with paints or grease. The memory capacity of RFID tag can be even up to one

Human Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Behavior - Essay Example On this account, diversity management spells that incorporating a diverse workforce in an organization is indispensable to tapping into international markets, adapting to the varying business environments, and taking advantage of the rising opportunities. Diversity management thus embodies appreciation of differences in human behaviour and fully capitalizing on them to ensure optimal organizational performance. This paper reviews the role played by cultural diversity and ethical differences in organizational functionality and overall the performance. Seymen O. A. (2006) reviews the concept of cultural diversity and the different approaches to managing the diversity in an organizational set-up. Cultural diversity here is defined as a mixture of different people having distinct identities in matters pertaining to behaviour, traditions, and attitudes towards some issues. Cultures tend to differ as one moves from one geographic location to the other. Therefore, since business operations are no longer limited by geographic boundaries, it is almost impossible for an organization to operate successfully operate on a global scale without a culturally diverse workforce. Workers belonging to a given culture have a very distinct way in which they express their ideas and perceive the various issues in the corporate world. For instance, some cultures have negative perception about the idea of women dressing in tight trousers. On the other hand, there are those cultures which permit the freedom of dress code. Therefore, an organization having members drawn from such a diverse workforce must acknowledge this variations and effectively learn to manage the diversity. The other aspect of human behaviour which exhibits considerable diversity is in so far as matters of personal ethics are concerned. Just as is the case with culture, ethical standards which a person subscribes too is

Write a response to the article Modern Stone Age Humans incorporating Essay - 1

Write a response to the article Modern Stone Age Humans incorporating one quotation from artcile - Essay Example Of all the different sorts of theories that I have read explaining the possible reasons or meanings of these paintings, one that I find the most interesting and believable is â€Å"boot-camp training prior to full-fledged military service and training camp prior to sports season†. I think that these paintings might be used by trained and experienced hunters to train the children and young and inexperienced hunters. Many of these paintings show the different sorts of livestock and cattle with spears. I particularly think so because there is a painting of a black deer that is being targeted and shot at by three hunters from different positions. Another significance of these paintings could be material for teaching. It is mentioned in the reading that â€Å"some of the animals in the cave murals are pregnant, and some are copulating† As some of these paintings also show the animals procreating, the paintings might be used as images for teaching how different species

INDIA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INDIA - Essay Example Despite their superiority in the war field, other natural factors prevented them from capturing vast areas (Kulke & Rothemund, 34). The Vedic who lived along rivers settled and started doing cultivation. This led to a more settled life. The Vedic gave rise to the Indian culture. As people settled, different classes of people emerged. This was the start of the current caste system in India. The earlier Vedic were classified into Vish(ordinary people), Kshatriya(Warriors) and Rajan (chieftains). The chieftains were selected from the warriors (Kulke & Rothemund, 34). The late Vedic established kingdoms that were headed by a king. The Vedic introduced Buddhism and the Indians philosophy. The introduction of kingdoms led to the building of dynasties. The Vedic moved east and occupied Gangetic plains. This led to the development of Gangetic culture. Mahajanapada rose from the small kingdoms. The Majanapadas gave rise to states after asserting powers on others. Koshalla and Magadha are the few examples of states that were formed during that time. These states continued to expand in Northern India to form bigger Dynasties. Bimbisara of Magadha started the annexation of other states. The Nanda’s dynasty was the first to be formed which gave rise to the Mauryas headed by Chandragupta Maurya. The Gupta dynasty is referred as the golden age of India. It was one of the most successful dynasties. The Mughal Empire was set up by Muslim rulers who unified India. Baber helped the Muslims in capturing most parts of India. Some of the weapons used were brought from the west and helped in defeating its enemies (Kulke & Rothemund, 184). Delhi became the centre of the mogul empire. Akbar, who was uneducated but with a lot of wisdom, became one of the greatest leaders of Mogul empire. He conquered Gujarat and Bengal to grow the size of the Mogul empire. Southern India was fertile and different groups fought to control it. Southern India was close to the

Journal Entry One Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Journal Entry One - Assignment Example An ethical culture is cultivated where the leaders behave in an ethical manner as the other staffs follow that as they are also rewarded. The Enron and Tyco scandals shows that un-ethical practices, lack of leadership, and financially corruption are the three reasons that lead to the collapse of the these giants that had been in operation and doing good business over the years. These two companies did not have effective compliance and ethics program since these scandals took long to be unearthed and this shows they did not have proper follow-ups for the leadership and also those staff that knew about it did not take it upon them to disclose them. A few months ago I worked for a company that did not follow the guidelines since the stated organisation ethics were only written and were openly seen to be followed even by the management since mistakes were committed but no due process was followed to punish the offenders. This gave a chance to all staff to do as they wished. Ellen, V. V., & Ascalon, E. (2008). The role and impact of leadership development in supporting ethical action in organisations. The Journal of Management Development, 27(2), 187-195. doi:

The Theme of Poverty in Cannery Row Essay Example for Free

The Theme of Poverty in Cannery Row Essay Poverty is an important theme in John Steinbeck’s Cannery Row.   Set in the 1920s during the Great Depression, poverty is an overarching aspect of life in the down-and-out community of Cannery Row.   A backdrop for the book, Cannery Row is a place where poverty affects everyone and everything.   In spite of ever-present poverty, the people of Cannery Row make do with what little they have.   This brief essay will discuss the role that poverty plays in Cannery Row and conclude with important lessons John Steinbeck offers regarding poverty and human nature. Cannery Row is a rundown coastal community in California, beset by poverty and decay.   Accordingly â€Å"its inhabitants are, as the man once said, ‘whores, pimps, gamblers, and sons of bitches’, by which he meant Everybody.† (Steinbeck 1)   Described as a foul-smelling strip of land opposite the sardine fishery, the inhabitants of Cannery Row make do with what little they have and work together, despite their impoverished existence. Although the characters of Cannery Row may not have material possessions, they work together and live in relative harmony.   The neighborhood grocer, Lee Chong, is relatively wealthy when compared to the other characters in Cannery Row, and he extends credit to the people of this rundown community, understanding that they do not always have the means to always pay for their purchases. Although not obvious at first sight, Lee Chong is a generous man and â€Å"over the course of the years everyone†¦owed him money. He never pressed his clients.† (Steinbeck 3)   Despite the poverty of Cannery Row, Lee extends credit to all.  Ã‚   Accordingly, â€Å"No one is really sure whether Lee ever receives any of the money he is owed or if his wealth consisted entirely of unpaid debts, but he lives comfortably and does legitimate business in the Row (Steinbeck 43).   He doesn’t hassle his debtors and is content to sit back and wait for payment.   His generosity even extends to helping Mack and the boys fund a home. Mack and the boys are â€Å"bums†: homeless men without wives, families or jobs.   Despite their position as outcasts and social undesirables, Mack and his boys are content with their social situation and are not angry about their impoverished lives.  Ã‚   In fact, their total lack of financial resources does not inhibit their ability to plan something nice for their friend Doc or enthusiastically set up shop in Lee Chong’s storage shed, ironically renamed The Palace Flophouse and Grill. Mack is a good man at heart and his intentions are generally good but he also prone to lying, stealing and deceiving.   An important example of this is when Mack and the boys discover that their new car does not have a proper license plate, they hung a rag permanently and accidentally on the rear plate to hide its vintage and also dabbed the front plate with good, thick mud in an effort to deceive the unsuspecting police (J.C.R. 526) Vice and poverty also seem to go hand-in-hand in Cannery Row.   Prostitution is presented in the novel as being situated around the Bear Flag, the neighborhood brothel where prostitution reigns supreme.   Dora’s girls, as they are affectionately called, work in a business which is universally described as sinful and where they would generally be perceived as social outcasts.   Despite their current position in life, they, along with Dora, are important members of the Cannery Row community and step into to act as nursemaids and feed members of the neighborhood when sickness strikes.   The people of Cannery Row work together when the going gets tough, as shown when Phyllis Mae and Dora’s other prostitutes band together during the influenza epidemic. Steinbeck leaves us with some important lessons, particularly with regards to wealth and human nature.   Despite the fact that the characters are unrefined, perceived of as outcasts and they exist in desperate poverty, the people of Cannery Row work to help one another. Camaraderie is an important theme established by Steinbeck.   Even if their plans do not actually materialize and they do not have all the money in the world to carry out their grandiose projects, the people of Cannery Row try to help each other and are motivated by goodness and not greed.   They may not have a lot but they make do with what they have.   Although materially quite poor, the residents of Cannery Row share a common humanity and a richness which cannot be bought. Works Cited Camp, C. L. â€Å"Reviewed work: Cannery Row by John Steinbeck†.   California Folklore Quarterly. 4: 2 (Apr., 1945): 203-204. C. R. â€Å"Review.† The Kenyon Review. 7:3 (Summer, 1945): 526-527. Levant, Howard. Tortilla Flat: The Shape of John Steinbecks Career†.   PMLA, 85:5 (Oct., 1970): 1087-1095. Steinbeck, John.   Cannery   Row.   New York: Penguin, 1993.

Effect of Density on Growth Condition of Climbing Perch

Effect of Density on Growth Condition of Climbing Perch The Effect of Density on Growth Condition of  Anabas Testudineus YUSLINDA BINTI MAT YUNUS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY Climbing perch or ikan puyu or betuk (Anabas Testudineus) (Bloch, 1792) is a freshwater species that is commonly found in paddy fields, wells, irrigation channels and in drains. Climbing perches are fishes that are able to travel short distances across the land in search of new water sources or food. Although Thai Climbing Perch has been described as omnivorous, it has a tendency toward carnivorousness (Besra, 2000). Climbing perches are kept for consumption and also for companion animals. This study is to study the effect of stocking density on the growth condition of the climbing perch (Anabas Testudineus) and the best stocking density suitable to maximize the growth of the climbing perch (Anabas Testudineus). To get the exact growth rate of climbing perch, several densities are used, such as 2 fishes/tank, 4 fishes/tank, 6 fishes/tank and 8 fishes/tank. The future extension of this study is the researcher hypothesized that a standardized stocking density of Anabas Testudineus can be used to maximize the growth rate of the Anabas Testudineus thus increasing the quality of the currently available Anabas Testudineus in Malaysia. Climbing perch can become a backbone to the increasingly aquaculture industry as one of the main sources of protein to the human consumption as the tilapia and carp are currently ranked top of the most fishes cultured in Malaysia. 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT Since climbing perch are not being cultured and reared commercially in Malaysia, the optimum stocking density of climbing perch is remain unknown for human consumption. Therefore, the rearing of climbing perch under different stocking density is the most suitable method to investigate the most optimum density that the climbing perch can gain most weight on the shortest duration. One of the concerns and issues related to the climbing perch is the availability of the climbing perch for commercial consumption in Malaysia. The climbing perch are not deemed as one of the favourites for the consumption due to its acquired taste and also small in size. 1.3  OBJECTIVES The objectives of the experiment are as follows: To study the effect of different stocking densities on the growth condition of climbing perch (Anabas Testudineus) from different aspects such as from the live weight, survival rate and appearances. To examine the best stocking densities suitable to maximize the growth of climbing perch (Anabas Testudineus) HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY H0 = There will be a decrease in the growth condition of climbing perch as the stocking density increase. 1.4  SCOPES OF THE STUDY The scope of the research is as follows: Only local species ikan puyu (Anabas Testudineus) will be studied in the laboratory. Only one commercial feed were given to the fishes without any additional supplements will be given The research will be conducted in 2 months’ time. 1.5  LIMITATIONS OF STUDY Since the culturing of the Anabas Testudineus from the hatching is quite consuming, the Anabas Testudineus on juvenile stage and forward will be used in the research. Other limitations of the study are that the difficulty of observing the fishes due to its behaviour and size. To solve the limitations, aquaculture tanks will be used instead of ponds so that the fishes can be observed more carefully and more precise results can be obtained. 1.6  SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Overall, this research can be used for the determination of the optimum density suitable for rearing the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) that have the maximum growth rate. Other than that, this research can be used as an aspect in determining the standardization of the density required to rear the climbing perch at optimum rate and size. In the future study, this research can be used to rear the climbing perch on larger and commercial scale that can produce and harvest a larger amount of fish that can ultimately support the current consumption of the climbing perch. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1  NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF CLIMBING PERCH According to Wimalasema et.al (1995), climbing perch has edible flesh of approximately of 40.1 ±9.4 grams from its overall weight of 140 grams, moisture content of 70 grams, carbohydrate percentage of 4.4 %, lipid percentage of 8.8 %, protein content of 14.8 %, ash percentage of 0.7 ± 0.4 %, potassium content (mg/g%) of 272.2 mg/g%  ± 57.8 mg/g%, sodium content (mg/g%) of 60.5 mg/g%  ± 8.5 mg/g%, calcium content (mg/g%) of 410 mg/g%, phosphorus content (mg/g%) 390 mg/g% and iron content (mg/g%) of 1.4 mg/g%. The moisture, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and ash contents of marine fish are reported as 66 – 84 %, 0 2.9 %, 15 – 20 %, 0.1 – 20 % and 0.8 – 2 % respectively (Wimalasema et.al, 1995). When the data is compared, climbing perch has quite high percentage of moisture, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and ash contents. This can be used to substitute or replace the demand of marine fish and may provide better nutrient value for money spent. 2.2  TAXONOMY OF CLIMBING PERCH Anabas Testudineus The classification order of the climbing perch genus, Anabas Testudineus are as follows: Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Anabantiade Genus: Anabas Species: Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792) Figure 1: Taxonomy of climbing perch 2. 3  EFFECTS OF NUMBERS OF CLIMBING PERCH Anabas Testudineus According to the Khatune et. al (2012), stocking density is related to the volume of water or surface area per fish. Increase in stocking density results in increasing stress, which leads to higher energy requirements, causing a reduction in growth in growth rate and food utilization. It is directly related with the competition for food and space (Rahman et al. 2008d, 2010; Rahman Verdegem 2010). Generally, fish needs to compete less for food and space in lower stocking density than the higher stocking density. The present study provides empirical evidence on the effects of Thai climbing perch stocking density on its growth and survival, where they (growth and survival) were higher in ponds with lower stocking density than the ponds with higher stocking density. There are no previous studies comparing the effects of Thai climbing perch density on its growth and survival in aquaculture ponds. However, Suresh Lin (1992) reported decreasing growth of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Lin naeus 1758) with increasing stocking density. Similar effects of stocking density on survival and growth observed in a wide variety of fish species (Huang Chiu 1997; Imsland et al. 2003; Irwin et al. 1999; Rahman 2006; Rahman Verdegem 2007; Rahman et al. 2008a). According to Khatune et.al (2012), the harvesting weight of climbing perch of 350, 400, and 550 individuals per decimals are 90.03 ±0.04 grams, 87.73 ±0.95 grams and 84.15 ±0.49 grams respectively. The harvesting length of climbing perch of 350, 400, and 550 individuals per decimals are 14.95 ±0.07 cm, 14.30 ±0.28 cm, and 13.55 ±0.0 cm respectively. 2.4  CULTURING CLIMBING PERCH (Anabas Testudineus) WITH OTHER BREED OF FISH Mondal et. al (2010) found that Thai Climbing Perch can be cultured along with other fishes such as tilapia and still showed a high survival rate and growth rate. It is suitable to kept Thai Climbing Perch in cage and other fishes outside the cage compared to the conventional mixed culture system in the same pond without the cage. This is due in the conventional culture system, interspecies and intra-specific competition occurred for food between Tilapia and Thai Climbing Perch that resulted lower growth of Thai Climbing Perch. Culturing Thai Climbing Perch with other species in caged perch system is also more beneficial as it reduces the overall operational cost and increases the net return even though the initial cost for cage is high due its small size, followed by mixed culture and lowest net profit for caged Tilapia. 2.5  CULTURING OF CLIMBING PERCH UNDER DIFFERENT CULTURE SYSTEMS According to Kumar et.al (2013), A. testudineus was found to be highest in pond compared to cage and tank, indicating fastest growth under pond environment, although no significant variation was observed among the different systems. The slopes in all the culture systems were found to be significantly lower than critical isometric value, indicating negative allometric growth; the species becomes leaner as the length increases. Kumar et. al (2013) also noted that environmental factors highly influence the growth performance of an organism. 2.6  IDENTIFICATION OF MALE AND FEMALE OF CLIMBING PERCH (Anabas Testudineus) According to Perera et. al (2013), they noted that the sexual dimorphism in Anabas testiduneus does not distinctly appear, however, it is practically possible during the breeding season. The identification of male and female can be done on the basis of some external features. Male climbing perch are body coloured and darker while females have slightly brighter body colour. Males are slender in appearance while female have swollen abdomen or girth that is distended with the ovary development. When the males are pressed gently on the abdomen, they eject milt while female eject yellowish eggs. Female have greater distance between the base of the pectoral fins than the length of ithmus compare to the male which has lesser length. In the breeding season, the female exhibits a prominent bulge at the vent that resembling genital papilla where the male lack such appearance. 2.7  BREEDING BEHAVIOUR OF CLIMBING PERCH (Anabas Testudineus) Bhuyan et. al (2014) cited that the adults of Anabas testudineus are solitary and aggressive. In nature, the eggs are scattered in open water at the onset of the rains without any nest. The male wraps itself in the female body, fertilizing the eggs as they are laid. Each time 200 colourless eggs are released until about 5000 numbers are laid. The fecundity varies from 5000-35000 numbers. The eggs rise to the surface and float. The eggs hatch in 24 hrs and the fry are about 2-3 mm long. They are free swimming within two days of hatching. In case of artificial breeding with pituitary or synthetic hormone, a single dose of injection for both the male and female spawning actively and courtship behaviour starts after 6 hrs of injection. The water temperature to be maintained is at 280C + 10C. Fertilized eggs float in the surface of water. It takes 18-19 hours for hatching after spawning and newly hatches larvae measures 1.9-2.0 mm in length without any movement. Yolk sac completely absorbs on third day after hatching and settles at the bottom. Egg custard, plankton and Artemia are supplied as artificial feed for those fries up to 20-25 days. The survivability varies from 70-75%. 3.8  SALINITY TOLERANCE OF CLIMBING PERCH (Anabas Testudineus) According to Chotipuntu et.al (2010), they found that eggs successfully hatched in salinities up to 4.5 ppt. In higher salinities hatching dropped and met the lethal median concentration at 5.1 ppt. No hatch was observed in salinities beyond 7.5 ppt. This suggests that a salinity of 4.5 ppt is a threshold concentration for hatching viability of climbing perch eggs. The unsuccessful hatching of freshwater eggs in saline water may result from various factors such as a reduction in activity and viability of sperm due to the inhibition of sperm-activating substances. Salt contained in media may also cause chemical changes in the eggs that triggers releasing of a developmental block or generates irreversible changes that prevent fertilization. Fry of climbing perch were found to tolerate higher salinity than larvae and eggs. Chotipuntu et.al (2010) also found growing the climbing perch in salinity of 6 7 ppt to obtain the best growth. Brackish water ponds of salinities up to proximately 11 ppt are utilizable for climbing perch culture. Brackish water ponds of salinities levels up to proximately 4 ppt are practical for spawning and nursing of climbing perch. CHAPTER 3 MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 TYPE OF MATERIALS USED IN THE RESEARCH 90 climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) 15 aquaculture tanks (3 ft. x 3 ft. x 3ft.) 1 weighing scale Commercial feed pallet River water Mesh net Multi-parameter kit 3.2 ORIGIN OF THE CLIMBING PERCH (Anabas testudineus) All the climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) will be obtained and supplied from the cultured climbing perch from the villagers from Cherang Ruku, Pasir Putih, Kelantan. All the fishes will be selected according on their length of the body and stage of production. All the fishes will have the initial range of weight from 16 to 50 grams for both male and female with accepted difference in weight of 10 grams to 20 grams. 3.3  EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The research will have four different treatments with three replications for each treatment. The treatments will be 2 fishes/tank, 4 fishes/tank, 6 fishes/tank, and 8 fishes/ tank. This will enable the researcher to determine the best density of the climbing perch to gain the most live weight and the largest size on a small scale. The experiment will take two months or eight weeks. The temperature, and light period will be specific during the research period where the designated temperature is at room temperature and light period is 12 hours. The water of the tanks will be changed every week. Kiambang will be placed in the tanks. The tanks also will be closed with lid with a hole made that enable the exchange of gas occurs and also to prevent the climbing perch from escaping. The ammonia level is also regulated. 3.4  EXPERIMENTAL METHOD The climbing perch will be placed in smaller aquaculture tanks according to the predetermined numbers. Juvenile climbing perch will be feed twice a day using formulated feed where the feed had been weighted by the weighing scale where the feed given is 3% of body weight. The climbing perch’s live weight will be measured using weighing scale for two months with interval of one week of each weighing. The live weight and survival rate of the climbing perch will be recorded into the datasheet. The data will be analysed and evaluated. CHAPTER 4 EXPECTED RESULT For the climbing perch, the smallest stocking density will have the largest weight gain. There will be an increase of mortality weight as the stocking density increases. There will be an increase of ammonia level and turbidity level as the stocking density increases. The smallest stocking density will have the longest length in the body measurement while the largest stocking density will have the shortest length in the body measurement. Analysis of the data will be calculated using the SPSS software and the ANOVA will be calculated using the same software. GANTT CHART REFERENCES Pal, M. Chaudhry, S. 2010.Anabas testudineus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 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