Locke’s teachings on economic growth and material prosperity Essay

According to Locke, God gave man common ownership of everything under the sun (10). God at the same time gave man the reason, which He intended him to use so as to convert what was owned communally into individually. Man went ahead in using his God given reason and he reasoned that he can put in some labor – which is his by right, and in so doing, he attached the common property with his own property (reading labor) and in the process converted the ownership from communal to individual’s (Locke12). Man created ownership so as to make what is communally owned useful and at the same time avoid the process of gaining consent of all the other owners. One was only considered a rightful own if the item in his possession was for his enjoyment and not to be spoilt. This does not apply to plants and animals alone, but the same can be put in practice when dealing with land. To avoid conflict between men, God gave every man ability to work, so the piece of land one improved through labor was his for the taking, and the limit of how much one can own was to be determined by how much he can work and the number of his needs. Labor became something very important in that, it was through it that the value of land was measured against and also the more one labored the more his living standard improved. That is the reason as to why Locke proposed that the England day laborers lived well than American King, because the former knew how to increase the value of land through labor and this translated to a better life. What Locke is highlighting is that, among the three: land, nature and labor, the latter comes on top of the former two (16). Skills and inventions are the offshoots of labor and they came to make life even more comfy. With the increase in number of people and animal and the use of money, scarcity of land emerged which drove the value of the land up. Man decided to put some policies so as to avoid conflict that would have arisen due to scarcity of the land the same role played by industry and labor there before (17). To avoid wastage, man came up with the idea of trading of things which would otherwise spoil if not consumed fast and in the process of looking for something durable and valuable. This is how money came in being. The qualities of valuability durability and scarcity made money to be even more important than labor and it did what the latter could not have done: enabling man to expand his possessions. So it is true to say that reached his goal of economic growth and material prosperity through the advert of money. But this is not the only ingredient. As from the above discussion, land, government policies, nature and labor are other requirement. For one to be set on the way of wealth creation, it is paramount to balance all these factors. I do agree with all of Locke arguments for he is capturing the reality of today. The only important ingredient that he has not elaborated in a detailed way is market, which is another important pillar of wealth creation. Without the above ingredients, wealth creation will remain but a pipe dream. All these factors have contributed to unequal ownership of property. This situation has brought forth some challenges, one of it being the emergence of social classes: proletariats, bourgeoisies and aristocrats all of which are in constant conflict. This contributes to high crime rates, prostitution, corruption just to mention but a few vices. Works Cited Locke, John. Second Treatise of Government. 9 Mar. 2008. 11 Aug. 2010. http://www. earlymoderntexts. com/f_rights. html

Fast Moving Consumer Goods Essay

FMCG are products that have a quick shelf turnover, at relatively low-cost and don’t require a lot of thought, time and financial investment to purchase. The margin of profit on every individual FMCG product is less. However the huge number of goods sold is what makes the difference. Hence profit in FMCG goods always translates to number of goods sold. Fast Moving Consumer Goods is a classification that refers to a wide range of frequently purchased consumer products including: toiletries, soaps, cosmetics, teeth cleaning products, shaving products, detergents, other non-durables such as glassware, bulbs, batteries, paper products and plastic goods, such as buckets. ‘Fast Moving’ is in opposition to consumer durables such as kitchen appliances that are generally replaced less than once a year. The category may include pharmaceuticals, consumer electronics and packaged food products and drinks, although these are often categorized separately. The term Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG) is used interchangeably with Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG). Three of the largest and best known examples of Fast Moving Consumer Goods companies are Nestlà ©, Unilever and Procter & Gamble. Examples of FMCGs are soft drinks, tissue paper, and chocolate bars. Examples of FMCG brands are Coca-Cola, Kleenex, Pepsi and Believe. The FMCG sector represents consumer goods required for daily or frequent use. The main segments of this sector are personal care (oral care, hair care, soaps, cosmetics, toiletries), household care (fabric wash and household cleaners), branded and packaged food, beverages (health beverages, soft drinks, staples, cereals, dairy products, chocolates, bakery products) and tobacco. The Indian FMCG sector is an important contributor to the country’s GDP. It is the fourth largest sector in the economy and is responsible for  5% of the total factory employment in India. The industry also creates employment for 3 people in downstream activities, much of which is disbursed in small towns and rural India. This industry has witnessed strong growth in the past decade. This has been due to liberalization, urbanization, increase in the disposable incomes and altered lifestyle. Furthermore, the boom has also been fuelled by the reduction in excise duties, de-reservation from the small-scale sector and the concerted efforts of personal care companies to attract the burgeoning affluent segment in the middle-class through product and packaging innovations. Unlike the perception that the FMCG sector is a producer of luxury items targeted at the elite, in reality, the sector meets the everyday needs of the masses. The lower-middle income group accounts for over 60% of the sector’s sales. Rural markets account for 56% of the total domestic FMCG demand. Many of the global FMCG majors have been present in the country for many decades. But in the last ten yea rs, many of the smaller rung Indian FMCG companies have gained in scale. As a result, the unorganized and regional players have witnessed erosion in market share. History of FMCG in India In India, companies like ITC, HLL, Colgate, Cadbury and Nestle have been a dominant force in the FMCG sector well supported by relatively less competition and high entry barriers (import duty was high). These companies were, therefore, able to charge a premium for their products. In this context, the margins were also on the higher side. With the gradual opening up of the economy over the last decade, FMCG companies have been forced to fight for a market share. In the process, margins have been compromised, more so in the last six years (FMCG sector witnessed decline in demand). Current Scenario The growth potential for FMCG companies looks promising over the long term horizon, as the per-capita consumption of almost all products in the country is amongst the lowest in the world. As per the Consumer Survey by KSAT echnopak, of the total consumption expenditure, almost 40% and 8% was accounted by groceries and personal care products respectively. Rapid  urbanization, increased literacy and rising per capita income are the key growth drivers for the sector. Around 45% of the population in India is below 20 years of age and the proportion of the young population is expected to increase in the next five years. Aspiration levels in this age group have been fuelled by greater media exposure, unleashing a latent demand with more money and anew mindset. In this backdrop, industry estimates suggest that the industry could triple in value by 2015 (by some estimates, the industry could double in size by2010). In our view, testing times for the FMCG sector are over and driving rural penetration will be the key going forward. Due to infrastructure constraints (this influences the cost-effectiveness of the supply chain), companies were unable to grow faster. Although companies like HLL and ITC have dedicated initiatives targeted at the rural market, these are still at a relatively nascent stage. The bottlenecks of the conventional distribution system are likely to be removed once organized retailing gains in scale. Currently, organized retailing accounts for just 3% of total retail sales and is likely to touch 10% over the next 3-5years. In our view, organized retailing results in discounted prices, forced-buying by offering many choices and also opens up new avenues for growth for the FMCG sector. Given the aggressive expansion plans of players like Pantaloons, Trent ,Shopper’s Stop and Shoprite, we are confident that the FMCG sector has a bright future. Budget Measures to Promote FMCG Sector 2% education cess corporation tax, excise duties and custom duties Concessional rate of 5% custom duty on tea and coffee plantation machinery Budget Impact The education cess will add marginally to the tax burden of all FMCG companies The dividend distribution tax on debt funds is likely to adversely affect the other income components of companies like Britannia, Nestle and HLL The measure to abolish excise duty on dairy machinery is a positive for companies like Nestle Concessional rate for tea and coffee plantation machinery is a positive for Tata Tea, HLL, Tata Coffee and other such companies Top Ten Players in FMCG Sector Companies:- 1. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. 2. ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) 3. Nestlà © India 4. GCMMF (AMUL) 5. Dabur India 6. Asian Paints (India) 7. Cadbury India 8. Britannia Industries 9. Marico Industries 10. Procter & Gamble Hygiene and Health Care In order to carry out any research investigation there is a need of a Systematic method and to adopt a well-defined procedure for each and every research there is also a need of methodology. Methodology of any research constitutes the selection of representative sample of the universe or the general population, application of the appropriate research tools and the techniques. There is an old saying in Spain â€Å"TO BE A BULLFIGHTER YOU MUST LEARN TO BE BULL† means you never really understand a Person until you consider things from his point of view . In the same way to meet and satisfy the target customer the study of customers behavior of crucial important because he is king. Customer behavior studies , how individuals , groups and organizations selected buy use and dispose of goods , services, ideas or experiences to satisfy their needs and Desires. According to JAMES F. FUGAL, â€Å"Customers behavior consists of the acts of individuals in obtain and using goods and services including the decision process that precede and determine these acts. The research involves the following steps:- 1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM AND RESEARCH OBJECTIVE:- If the problem is clearly defined, it is half solved .The problem/Objective here to assess the scope of rural marketing for FMCG sector. 2 – COLLECT THE INFORMATION:- The information is collected from secondary sources-websites, magazines, newspapers, and magazines. 3- ANLAYZE THE INFORMATION:- The next step in the marketing research process is to exact Findings from the collected data. 4-PRESENT THE FINDINGS AND CONCLUSIONS:- As the last step, the findings and conclusion of whole Research are presented in the end. ANALYSIS OF FMCG MARKET The research report offers insights into the dynamics of growth in a competitive market environment. The salient features of development the survey have identified include:- The improvement has been much more pronounced in volume terms than in value terms for most of the products. One of the greatest achievements made by the FMCG industry has been the ‘sachet’ bugs which have helped the companies to introduce products in smaller package sizes, at lower price points and reach new users and to expand market share for value added products in urban India. Several cost saving measures, various tax benefits, rising demand, good monsoon have helped the industry to achieve positive growth. Most of the multinational companies have started sourcing their products from India. HLL has become the production center in respect of personal consumer products like oral care, skin care products, soap, detergents globally for Unilever. There  has been a trend from shift to own manufacturing from third party manufacturing or procuring goods from third party small-scale manufacturers. Though the companies are going global, they are focusing on the overseas markets like Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Middle East and CiS countries because of the lifestyles, consumption habits similar to India. Godrej Consumer, Marico, Dabur, Vicco laboratories are among the companies. The offshoots and mushrooming of regional companies which are posing a threat to bigger FMCG companies like HLL. The rise of Jyothi Laboratories, throwing challenge to Reckitt Benckiser is a case in point. FMCG market remains highly fragmented with almost half of the market representing unbranded, unpackaged home made products. This presents a tremendous opportunity for makers of branded products who can convert consumers to branded products. There is competition between the organized and the unorganized sectors in the FMCG sector. Marketing and distribution are very important in FMCG companies. New products require a large investment in product development, market research, and awareness campaign, developing franchise for a new brand advertisements, free samples and product promotions. All these developments have made the consumers strong, who are in a position now to choose a variety of products, from a number of companies, at different price points. Bargaining power of customers is high. Key factors to success are distribution (in rural markets) and advertising (in urban markets). Critical factors for success are the ability to build, develop and maintain a robust distribution network. The fact that a lot of women have started looking for specialized products has driven growth. Post liberalization period provided the consumers the opportunity to make choices amongst the products of domestic companies and imported products

Company G 3 Year Marketing Plan Essay

Company G develops products that improve the lives of consumers with innovative electronic technology and reliable build quality. We believe that our new Radio CD recorder does just that, it improves the lives of our consumers and gives them a product they can rely on because of our product build quality. Our product is a solution for consumers who would enjoy the convenience of having their favorite radio programming at their disposal. This sample-marketing plan demonstrates the strategies employed to place our new product in position to reach our profit potential. Company G provides consumers with not only reliable appliances but appliances that are cutting edge in design. Our company keeps an eco-friendly attitude in mind during the process of producing our products so that waste is eliminated. Solutions have been utilized to reduce maintenance costs, equipment costs and other costs associated with producing our products. Mission Statement â€Å"We enable consumers to improve the quality and convenience of their lives by providing innovative electronics solution.† The Product The features of the Radio CD recorder include a CD player, radio, CD quality radio recording, small to medium build design for portability, strong light weight construction for portability, timer radio recording for use while away from home, a quality antenna for radio signal strength, five hour rechargeable lithium ion batteries for ease of portability, power cord for home use, a USB outlet for all mp3 device compatibility, and easy to operate controls that can all be done from a wireless remote control. These features give consumers the freedom and convenience to use our product in a variety of ways. Build quality of our product surpasses all that is currently in the market and improves the overall radio experience for consumers. Consumer Product Classification Our consumer product classification falls under a shopping product. Consumers will buy our product only after comparing other radio products price, quality, color, and style. Consumers have limited information as it relates to our product and will gather information during the buying process. Our product can also be seen as homogenous, as there is an array of other radios on the market. Target Market Our focus is on Caucasian female college students between the ages of 18 to 25. Majority of our consumers will be working part time jobs and have incomes ranging of $15 to $25K annually. Most of our consumers will be living on a college campus or apartment, and room mating with friends and or living at home with parents. We will market to tech savvy female college students that look for value in their limited amount of spending on electronic products. Also, our consumers will be music lovers that enjoy listening to the radio during studying and leisure time. The consumers purchasing our product will have a limited amount of space for many different products and will be looking for a product that can combine many of their other products all in one. Competitive Situation Analysis Analysis of Competition using Porter’s 5 Forces Model Competitive Rivalry: According to the amount of products available, rivalry intensity is high. What makes for a high intensity of rivalry includes competitors aggressively targeting each other’s markets and aggressively pricing products. Also, competitors are of equal size and market share and industry growth is slow. Lastly, industries fixed costs are high which creates intense competitive rivalry. Threat from New Entrants: Threats from new entrants are low. Reason being is because of significant upfront capital investments required to start this kind of business. Low barriers of entry are also evident by limited access to proprietary technology and proprietary production material inputs. Furthermore, distribution channels are difficult to access, which also causes low barriers to entry. The Internet has very little impact because of high technology development cost and high manufacturing costs. Threat from Buyers: In researching, buyer power has shown to be low with our product because buyer bargaining power is low. Sellers are concentrated compared to buyers and there are few sellers with many buyers, which makes buyer power low. Furthermore, consumer switching costs are relatively high and buyers would not easily be able to produce our products themselves, further supporting that the threat from buyers is low. The Internet can have an impact should buyers ban together on social networking sites to demand discounts. Threat from Suppliers: Threats from suppliers are high. The new technology that has gone in to producing our new product has been developed and is not mass-produced. Suppliers are few and buyers are many. Suppliers can also forward integrate and begin to produce our product themselves. This will impact how our company will be able to continue delivering our product at a reasonable price because suppliers can use the Internet to sell directly to online shoppers. This will have an impact not only on product price but also our distribution and marketing process. Threat from Substitutes: The threat of substitute products in the market is high. Consumers have the option of purchasing similar radios that record on cassette tapes with low switching costs. Also, the cassette radio recorders are cheaper than our product, which also makes a high threat substitute. But, when it comes to quality of both our product and the substitute product the threat of the substitute is low because our product is of higher quality. Before our product, consumers’ only option to record their radio shows or songs would have been to manually record on cassette radios. The Internet allows fewer barriers for substitute cassette radios to be sold online for less money than our product. SWOT Analysis SWOT is useful technique for understanding Company G’s strengths and weaknesses, and for identifying both opportunities open to the company and threats the company faces. What makes SWOT so important is that it can help bring to light opportunities that can be utilized as an advantage. Also, by understanding the weaknesses of our company, we can be ready to take care of and fix potential problems before they happen. Strengths – Our engineers and designers who develop our innovative products is our first strength. This is one of our core competency’s that gives our company a unique advantage over other companies. We can market how we employ the best and most qualified workers, which brings value and quality to the consumer. – An excellent relationship with current suppliers is our second core competency strength. These relationships have been built over time and are difficult to replicate. This gives us an advantage in that we can make our products available with few delays. – Efficient production process is our last strength that allows us to minimize waste in producing our products. We can market our product as being eco-friendly by minimizing waste in the environment. Furthermore, our products are readily available for restock as needed at any time should demand increase. With our products having an efficient production process they can be made with high quality, fr ee of defects. Weaknesses – Target market consists of college students that don’t typically have much money. Our typical target market will be part time working college students. This target market has yet to start their professional career and have a myriad of costs as they try to earn their degrees. Their costs may just be too high to warrant another electronic purchase. – Consumers may be reluctant to change from their lower priced radio cassette recorders to our new higher priced radio CD recorders. Consumers don’t like change, and if they have a radio that have some of the features our product has, they may elect to save money and stay with their old product. – There are a multitude of substitutes in the market that do very similar things to our product. Having consumers understand and feel a need to have an all in one product that has a combination of features that other substitute products have will prove to be difficult. Opportunities – Our product will be the first on the market that offers a CD recorder and recorder timer in an all in one system. There is no other small appliance exactly like our product and we may have an opportunity to change the way we all use radios. – The music related electronic device market is currently a hot trend. Many other electronics that combine phones with music players are dominating the market. Our product has an opportunity to capture a big piece of the market share by combining radios with new CD recording technology. – We can make radios relevant again in the twenty first century. Radios have been around for decades and have become somewhat obsolete to newer alternatives like mp3 devices. Their is an opportunity to offer a product that we all have utilized and make it a viable option for today’s tech savvy consumer and change the way they live. Threats – A potential lawsuit from music companies and artists for copyright infringement is a major threat. Our product will allow consumers to easily record copyrighted music to CD where they can than distribute the music online. This could potentially bring legal trouble to Company G. – Other established companies could not only develop similar products but also even better technology in the future. Competing companies can allow us to take all the risk in bringing our new product to market and if it does well, they can than reproduce something very similar and threaten our market share. – Copyright laws in the future may change, no longer allowing radio recording. The laws are constantly evolving, especially when it comes to the area of music recording. There is a lot of grey area when it comes to recording from the radio and our product could be the catalyst used to bring tougher restrictions on radio recording, making our product illegal to produce or own. Market Objectives Product Objective – Inform target audience about the value our product brings with the list of features and benefits that lead to a 10 percent gain in the small appliance radio market in one year. Price objective – Pricing range will be $79.99 to start for the first six months in order to attract consumers and gain market share. After six months price will move to $99.99. Place objective – Distribution channel length will be short. Distribution will move from producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer. Wholesaler will warehouse products in various locations, to keep up with supply and demand as needed. Orders will be palletized and ready for shipment with in 30 minutes of each order placed. All products will be out fitted with radio-frequency identification for tracking and monitoring of our products every six months. Promotion objective – Increase product sales and new product awareness among target audience by 25 percent in the first year of product release. Bringing together this marketing mix gives our product the best possible chance to be successful. Showing our target audience the value in our products through price and features will be key in our consumers purchasing our product. Furthermore, by utilizing our introductory low price and taking advantage of short channel length will insure that our product not only attracts the attention of our target market but also allows our consumer to have easy access to our products. Lastly, the objectives we have set to increase sales and product awareness will insure that our product is known among the market and is a success. Marketing Strategies Company G’s market strategy will include the four elements of the marketing mix which includes product, price, place and promotion strategies. Each element will include three strategies each with a brief description. Product Strategies – Quality as a product strategy will be used in order to win repeat customers in the future. Consumers are frustrated with products that simply do not work or last. By giving our target market an item that is made with quality, our consumers will be more willing to purchase another item in the future and it will overall improve their life. – Development of product lines is our second strategy. The purpose of including a product line strategy is to grow the company’s position in the market place. Also, it allows for even more opportunities for more consumers to purchase our products by having specific needs met for different consumers. – Product design is our third and final strategy. Shopping products are an important factor in that they need to appeal to a consumer’s image. This will allow the product to be more attractive to the consumer and easier to purchase. Having an item aesthetically pleasing will likely be used more and noticed more amongst other products in the department store and at home. Price Strategies – Cost plus pricing strategy will be used to insure that products are sold with a profit. That way no matter whether we mark up or mark down our prices we will make sure to prevent financial losses on our products. – Penetration pricing strategy will be utilized in order to attract customers and gain market share. Penetration pricing will be in affect for the first six months of our initial product offering. – Psychological pricing will be used to have a positive psychological impact on consumers when purchasing. Consumers are more willing to purchase when they feel they are getting a good deal or value for their purchase. Place Strategies – Producer to wholesaler to retailer to consumer will be how we bring our product to consumers. This traditional channel is a simple but cost effective way of providing goods to our consumer in a quick and efficient manner. – Using a wholesaler is the second strategy. This would allow wholesalers to take responsibility of distributing goods to retailers and distributors. By placing multiple wholesalers in strategic areas we will be able to have our product available should demand rise at any time. – Intensive distribution is our third and final place strategy. Using an intensive distribution strategy will allow us to distribute our products through all available channels in order for consumers to purchase our products anywhere. This makes it convenient for consumers to purchase our products.

Master thesis proposal Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Master thesis - Research Proposal Example The pandemic of HIV/AIDS threatens not only the local population but has widespread ramifications for the rest of the world and needs to be addressed urgently and incorporated as intrinsic part of business strategy and social responsibility by the global business community. Financial aids to the sub Sahara is critical for developing infrastructure for the development processes so as to enable the local population to become self reliant and become proactive participants. The regions boast of the huge natural resources, rich in minerals and precious metals like gold, platinum, diamond etc. which are presently being exploited by the foreign agencies with scarce regard to the welfare of the local population. Financial aid would serve as the major incentive for promoting democratization of the republics and reinforcing equitable distribution of wealth through programmes and policies. The approach needs to be focused on literacy and development processes to promote income generating activities designed to raise the standard of living. But the rampant corruption in the sub Sahara greatly dissuades the donors which may defeat the objective of aid. According to a BBC report, ‘corruption is costing Africa more than $148bn dollars a year, increasing the cost of goods by as much as 20%, deterring investment and holding back development’ (BBC, 2002). The corruption has been found to be the most insidious factor that infiltrates almost all strata of society of Sub Saharan Africa. From the high level political grafts to low level bribing of police and custom official has become the norm that de-accelerates the development process. It therefore, becomes the major instrument adversely impacts the objectives of financial aid and must be addressed to improve and improvise the outcome of the same. What is financial aid’s effect on the Sub Saharan

Engineering hero of your choice Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Engineering hero of your choice - Assignment Example The great hero started his engineering career by being an employee with different companies located in California and in these companies he was working the projects of creating life support systems that were based on the lunar module and the development of moon vehicle. After his early career operations, he started working on the Space Shuttle program for the company named Morton Thiokol. Boisjoly is recognized as an engineering hero not only because of his work, but even because of the purpose behind his great findings which could have saved important lives and heavy capital losses. On the date of 28th January, 1986, it was decided that the Space Shuttle Challenger mission was to take place but the mission was contradicted by Boisjoly and his colleagues as the figured out that the mission would foil and result in heavy losses. He later took the matter to the people managing the company Morton Thiokol who even agreed that it would not be correct to continue with the mission and they decided to inform NASA about it. The company informed NASA about their concerns but later added that they were not completely sure that their findings will prove to be true or not and the mission was not aborted (Vaughan, 1990). As soon as the mission started taking place, all the findings of the great hero started proving correct. As soon as the shuttle was started, the O-rings started b urning and this caused the occurrence of black puff as seen on the tapes of the event. Later the shuttle started taking off, at that very moment, Boisjoly believed that he was wrong as the shuttle did not explode, but while the shuttle was in air, it exploded into pieces and proved the hero correct (Dalal, 1989). Although, Boisjoly conducted a courageous act of identifying the fault with the space shuttle and tried to save cost and life, he was looked down upon by

Seven Years War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Seven Years War - Essay Example During these seven years of battle, Britain and France differed and took parallel side in battle because both of them were eyeing North America as a colony of choice. India was dragged into war since it was a place of colonial interest by the major European powers, Britain and France. France got involved in the seven year’s war because it was interested in the colonies which by coincidence were also the target of Britain. 3Because of this conflict of colonial interest with each of the two counties wanting to have a larger sphere of influence, war was inevitable. In this case India was just a victim of circumstances, drawn into war unprepared and unwillingly. The war ended with the signing of the Franco-British Treaty in 1963. In this treaty, Britain took Canada and Florida initially controlled by France and Spain respectively. France controlled the West Indian cane islands allowing Spain take Louisiana. Britain won the war as it managed to take both North America and India as its colonies4. The seven years war crowned Britain the master in abroad colonies. Frederick II the Great retained Silesia affirming Russia’s as the main European

Health Promotion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Health Promotion - Essay Example It has been seen that the period of adolescence is like a conversion phase which brings unpredictable emotional sufferings, and it takes a shape of depreciation and anxiety. Similarly like young adults, middle aged people also suffer from severe mental disorders because women and men in their mid life think themselves as a old generation who have difference needs and choices than the younger ones, thus in many cases they feel a sense of loneliness and ignorance. During the age of 50, people experience transitions and changes in their decision regarding work and life balance, death of older parents and children growing up and creating their separate lifestyle. It is the when men and women find that their taste and preferences are changing, mood swings, anxiety about spouse and children. Mental issues should be resolved before it creates any serious situation and life risk. This part of the project includes the reason behind carrying out the project. This research has been undertaken to understand about the difficult part of human psychology and the various mental disorders that are faced by young adults and middle aged people. The research has mainly focused on the population of UK. Participants are residents of UK and the target groups are young adults who belong to the age group of 14-25 and middle aged people. Several questions and approaches have been taken for the intervention process. Different types of mental disorders and theories of health promotion have been discussed in the project. This project will be useful for general public to understand about mental health disorders and it will also be helpful for future researchers to understand the concept. Aim of the research is to create various policies for several mental disorders that are affecting the young adults and the middle aged people throughout the world. It also aims to create

Texting While Driving Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Texting While Driving - Essay Example The reality is that every day thousands of text messages and emails are sent and read from behind the wheel by America drivers, and indeed drivers all over the world. Driving while texting has been claimed to cause accidents for the following reasons; it reduces concentration and prevents the driver from focusing on the road and the cars ahead beside or behind him/her. This is because texting takes up a good deal of sensory, motor faculties which are required for drivers to put their full focus on the road. As a result, they are likely to veer off the road and/or cause accidents resulting in fatalities for the driver passenger’s pedestrians and other road users. Despite this, others claim that texting while driving is fine and no more dangerous than eating or talking to the passenger next to the driver in the car. In fact, by virtue of driving itself being dangerous, we have speed and age limits; therefore, it transpires then that if one is qualified to drive he/she should als o be qualified to text while driving. However, if the argument is followed to its logical conclusions it will imply actions be banned based on the rate of death. In such a situation texting and driving would not be the only thing banned, even driving itself would be outlawed given its high death toll even in the absence of distractions. Bearing in mind that texting has become almost second nature to most people, it begs the question whether people should be encouraged to avoid driving and texting or trained on how to do both. Quizzed on the effects of this, proponents of this debate assert that they did not find texting while driving to be a significant risk; some are of the opinion that texting is no more different from using GPRS to check for directions (Stephens). The American federal and state laws have tried to limit mobile phone activity while driving, and this has included banns or limitations from calling or texting while driving. However, it is notable that the matter is no t unequivocally agreed on since not every state has banns on texting or calling while driving. Thirty nine states have banned texting and driving while five have outlawed the same for novice drivers; school bus drivers in 19 states are not allowed to make phone calls, only in three states are they forbidden to text while driving; Mississippi, Oklahoma and Texas (â€Å"Cellphone and texting laws†). In year 2010, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration realized that the number of Americans texting or otherwise manipulating cellphones and driving had risen to 0.9 percent (â€Å"Driver Electronic Device Use in 2010†). Majority of those who text while driving, fall in the teenage and young driver bracket, and they are likely to do more than just text since with smart phones they can access Facebook and other social networking sites which may be more involving than texting. Ultimately, despite the many opinions on the issue, the law seems bent on outlawing the pra ctice since the opinion of the majority is apparently not in favor of allowing it. This can be seen in that most states have outlawed it, and in most cases should a police officer find someone driving and texting in this states they may charge you with dangerous driving. One of the leading insurance firms in the country, nationwide insurance has also strongly supported the ban for Texting While Driving-TWD (â€Å"Nationwide Insurance†¦

Mandating Nurse-Patient Ratio Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mandating Nurse-Patient Ratio - Assignment Example Comprehensive studies undertaken by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) confirms that there is a relationship between nurse staffing and health care outcomes (Kane et al., 2007). An increase in the nurse staffing leads to a reduction in the prevalence and mortality rates caused by treatable diseases. At the local level, nurses should be encouraged to use the reward power when lobbying for support from the legislators. The candidates should only be assured of votes if they offer their support to the health issue (Abood, 2007). The hospitals should be required to establish nurse controlled staffing committees. This creates the strategies necessary for matching the patient population with the available staffing. The results from such committee are presented to the legislative members to provide them with the real problem for support. At the state level, nurses should be involved in the sponsoring of the annual state legislative days to arrest the attention of legislato rs and influential leaders. The legislative days will be characterized by fellowships and internships that offer information on the importance of maintaining suitable nursing ratios for effective health care delivery. These workshops will bring nurses together and raise awareness on the current health care issues. Once the nurses are made aware of the situation, they can identify the pros and cons of the necessary solutions to the problem. Awareness will also motivate individual nurses to attract the involvement.

Persuasive Communications, Campaigning and Public Opinion & Reputation Essay - 1

Persuasive Communications, Campaigning and Public Opinion & Reputation Management - Essay Example s many different channels to reach the target audience, from regular advertising to public service announcements, Internet banner ads, and telephone marketers. Because of the power of the Internet, the advertisements move at a faster speed than ever before, combining celebrities with symbols and commodity signs. Persuasive websites are used to persuade the Internet audience about anything that one can think of. Companies are in business simply because they focus on how best to persuade an audience. The messages that are broadcast on the Internet, television, in print, etc., use all sorts of persuasive techniques, from flattery, empathy, nonverbal communication and likeability appeals. Symbols are used, such as symbols of wealth and prestige, or symbols of social consciousness – entering a Nordstrom and seeing a fashionable man playing a piano is an example of the former, a Benetton ad featuring a dying AIDS patient is an example of the latter. Some persuasive appeals are disgu ised as news. Whatever is being persuaded, there is a theory behind how it works, and this is the focus of this particular essay. Along with the focus on how it works will be analysis of how persuasion is employed in campaigns, as well as how persuasion is used to shape and mold public opinion. Perloff (2008) states that persuasion first involves the persuader’s awareness that he or she is trying to influence somebody else (p. 15). Therefore, a dog or a cat who curries favor from their owners, in order to get foods or treats, would not be considered to be persuading, because they do not have the awareness that their owner wants to change. Persuasion is symbolic, and is really a step by step process. The symbols that might be used might be symbols with cultural meanings, such as the flag, a Star of David or a Holy Cross. It may be attained by images, such as the Nike swoop or the McDonald’s golden arches (Perloff, 2008). Moreover, persuaders do not really operate by persuading others to

Quality management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

Quality management - Assignment Example The team proposed the company to create two collaborative teams, which were quality control and quality assurance teams, to work for ensuring the quality of the products. â€Å"Quality control is concerned with examining the product or service — the end result† (Madison, 2014). The main aim of a quality control team is to examine and verify the products to ensure that the products meet the quality standards set by the company. On the other hand, â€Å"Quality assurance verifies that any customer offering, regardless whether it is new or evolved, is produced and offered with the best possible materials, in the most comprehensive way and with the highest standards† (Kietzman 1). The quality assurance team examines the product manufacturing process to ensure excellence in each stage of the process by identifying the defects and taking necessary steps to remove those defects. The quality management team used the fish bone diagram to sort out the issues that the company might have been facing. Given below is the step by step use of fish bone diagram which helped the team get into the causes for the problems concerning the company. The managers made the team aware about the issues related to the company. The problems identified and communicated to the team were steady growth, less customer preference, decreased customer satisfaction, decreased graph of sales, and less profits. The team summed all problems under the category of ‘poor company performance’. The quality management team went through the process of identifying the causes and came out with three main reasons which included less focus on quality by employees, less awareness in employees regarding the use of quality management system, and lack of any proper quality management system in the company. The team provided the company with a solution that was supposed to

Review of the Wrestler Essay Example for Free

Review of the Wrestler Essay THIS EMOTIONAL FAIRY TAIL FOLLOWS THE STORY OF THE HAS-BEEN BROKEN DOWN, BEATEN, AND EMOTIONALLY STUNTED RAM A ONCE POPULAR WRESTLING STAR OF THE 80IES NOW STRUGGLING TO MAKE RENT FOR HIS TRAILER FIGHTING IN FRONT OF BARLEY 10S OF FANS SUDDENLY HITS HIS LOWEST POINT AND HAS A CRIPPLING HEART ATTACK. DOCTORS TELL RAM HE CAN NEVER FIGHT AGAIN, THIS SHACKING HIM AS WRESTLING WAS HIS ONLY LOVE AND THE ONLY THING HE HAS STUCK WHICH THROUGH OUT HIS LIFE UNLIKE HIS EX WIFE OR DAUGHTER BUT WITH NOTHING LEFT HE DECIDES TO REUNITE WITH HIS DAUGHTER AND START A LIFE WITH A GIRL HE MEETS AT A STRIPE CLUB, HAVING TO WORK A REGULAR JOB WITH HIS PRICK BOSS AT A LOCAL FOOD STORE. OF COURSE THIS ALL GOES WRONG WHEN RAM SNAPS AT A CUSTOMER WHO RECOGNIZES HIM AS A WRESTLER, RAM UPSET WITH THIS GOES ON A BINGE OF SEX AND DRUGS THEN BECAUSE OF THIS MISSES HIS REUNITE DINNER WITH HIS DAUGHTER SO THEN RAM WITH NOTHING LEFT DECIDES HE IS NOT CUT OUT TO LIVE A NORMAL LIFE AND WRESTLER A BIG MATCH AGAINST LONG TIME OPPONENT AYATOLLAH AFTER A. EMOTIONAL SPEECH WITH HIS GIRLFRIEND HE GOES AHEAD WITH THE WRESTLING MATCH SHOWING THAT WRESTLING IS HIS MAIN PASSION AND TRUE LOVE DURING THE MATCH RAM HAS HEART ISSUE HE CLIMBS TO THE TOP ROPE IN PAIN FROM HIS HEART DELIVERS HIS SIGNATURE MOVE THE CAMERA BLACK OUT LEAVING YOU WITH THE IMPRESSION HE HAS DIED. THE WRESTLER IS AN AMAZING PIECE OF ACTING WRAPPED WITH LONG EMOTIONAL SHOTS AND SPEECHES AND TRULY OUTLINES ONE MANS LOVE FOR SOMETHING ABOVE EVERYTHING ELSE SO MUCH HED RATHER DIE THAN LIVE WITH OUT IT AND ALTHOUGH ITS SLOW BUILD CAN SOMETIMES EVEN FIND YOU BORED THE PAY OFF OF THE PURE RAW EMOTION AND TALENTED ACTING YOU WONT BE DISAPPOINTED.

The History Of The Social Welfare Sociology Essay

The History Of The Social Welfare Sociology Essay This assignment is going to discuss the roles and purpose of British welfare state. This assignment will look at what welfare state is and the problems which society faced in the past century about the poor people. Also, the first administrative unit of Britain alongside with how poor law passed and the beverage report. This assignment is based on roles and purpose of welfare state. The United Kingdom welfare state was established in 1942 by William Beverage due to the Second World War which caused social problems to the British citizens. The Government stepped forward as to provide for its people by introducing Welfare State as a way of controlling these problems. Welfare state is a response to social problems whereby government undertakes the responsible to safeguard the health and well-being of its people, particularly those in financial or social need, by means of grants, pensions, and other benefits (Leistering Walker, 1998). It is based on the principals of equal opportunity, equitable distribution of wealth and public responsibilities of people that lack provision for a good life. The origin of the welfare state was from the 16th century. Britain expected the worst when the Second World War broke up in 1939. Due to war many people were affected by social problems such as poverty and many lost their jobs which resulted in high unemployment. The majority of the people were living in overcrowded poor housing facilities such as (slums) because council houses were not enough. Diseases were spreading because of lack of clean water, and sick people could not have money to seek treatment and this resulted in many people dying. Due to these events the government policy brought a change towards the care that was provided for the people. Welfare legislation was developed to make sure that everyone had access to quality of life due to the world war (Spicker, 2012). The idea of the Elizabeth law was based on the plan that the government was in charge on administration and control of poor relief. Elizabeth government realised that they would create some system to support people. Parish was the first basic administrative unit in Britain to take responsibility for the people who were poor and also had control to force people to pay a local tax to assist the poor. People who could not work such as old people and disabled were provided with accommodation in parish houses and also given money called the outdoor relief. However, this caused an impact on the increase of the cost of poor relief. The outdoor relief pay which was given to assist the poor in tough times and by doing this it was regarded as encouraging workers to remain inactive undermining the 19th century principles of thrift and hard work (Frohman, 2008). It was also argued that that the poor law encouraged the growth of poverty (Spicker, 2012). In 1834 a new Poor Law was introduced. People assumed that it was a good idea and they welcomed it thinking that it would lessen the cost of looking after the poor. People thought that beggars were going to be taken off the streets and for those people who were poor they were going to be encouraged to look after themselves. This poor law encouraged people to be independent and to help themselves by making ends meet. The new Poor Law ensured that those poor people who were housed in workhouses were getting some assistants in terms of clothing, food and money .Children were offered schooling when they entered the workhouse. In return for this care, all workhouse paupers would have to work for several hours each day. However, these workhouses were a system of encouraging poor people to work. The new poor law also help children who entered the work house to be educated it also ensure that the less privilege to get house in return. In reaction, the poor law of 1834 introduced a poor relief which imposed the principle of less eligibility. This new system act took a much harsher line towards help for the poor people whereby strict rules and regulations were put in place for people to follow (Harris, 2004). Families were separated and were not allowed to see each other. The Law stated that no healthy person was to be given money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except for people in a workhouse, and the unemployed benefits was to be provided as a last resort. Conditions in the workhouse were deliberately made harsh, in the hope that the poor would move out and seek work elsewhere (Hothersall Bolger, 2010). The new welfare state gradually replaced the 20th century the poor law. During 1906 a liberal government was elected and introduce some reforms.1n 1908 an old age pension came to existence which allow pension to be given to people over 70s, from 1925 pension were paid to men that is over 65 and to women over 60. The national insurance act was passed in 1911 and all employees were made to contribute from their wage and the aim was to build and also for every worker who felt sick was entitled to free treatment were given to every worker that feel sick. The contributions were to help the workers in future in situations when they become ill or out of work. In 1920 the scheme was extended to most people but not all work houses became unnecessary and then poor law was abolished. Top of Form Bottom of Form In 1941 an enquiry was established to plan how best it can be to shape up the welfare state. Beveridge held the opportunity as to start again the script, and then redesigned the contours of British welfare. By accident the report of the publication of his report was delayed and was produced in November 1942. Although largely a creation of ideas including Beveridges which had been around for some it was a successful to tackle social problems such as the five giants. In 1942 William beverage prepared a report called the Beveridge regarding the welfare of the individuals on how the government could help people in poverty and also to reduce inequality. This report focused on how the government should find ways of fighting the five Giant Evils of Want, Disease, Ignorance, Squalor and Idleness which was caused by world war. The government was committed to provide care for the people of Britain to ensure that everyone had quality of life. The 1942 Beveridge report started in the introduction of welfare state, and involved the main changes and these included the national insurance based on 3 assumptions such as family allowance, National Health Service and full employment. The welfare state was produced to promote the provision of services for the public not only a response to poverty. Implementing Beveridge was immediately seen as part of winning the peace and also served as the blue print for the British welfare state (Hothersall Bolger, 2010). In 1945 when labour government was elected new services were introduced by the labour government and these included family allowances (Laybourn, 1995) and this created debates regarding the welfare state within current governments. The government introduced the Education Act 1944 which tackled lack of schooling. The 1946 National Health Act was concerned with improving the quality of health among the population. The 1946 National Insurance Act was created to cover all personal risks such as unemployment and illness. The NHS started operating and it provided a service to the population at a low cost. The 1945 Housing 1948 labour government extended the social security and a program of free medical care, Housing, Education and the Welfare of the Children. The National Assistance Act 1948 means- tested for people in lower income below a standard set by government and for unemployed people. The 1948 Children Act was also another important element. After 1948 the key elements of the welfa re state was understood as social security, Health, Housing, Education and welfare of children (Lowe, 2005). In the 1950 the government took over and slashed the help which was given to the poor and the sick. This created the provision of welfare state services to become more problematic and the interventions of the government caused further problems on that time. This then made the distribution of income more imbalanced and although they attempted to make the poor more hardworking and self sufficient it didnt work. The rolling back the state was revolved around the need to cut public spending as a way of reducing impact on public affair. Thatcher (1979-97) promised to reduce taxes and to lower the level of public spending and less state intervention. Thatcher opposed a welfare system and the welfare state began to break down resulted in retreat for housing and pension. The conservative government discouraged individuals and families from relying on the welfare state and promoted business and private enterprise. The Conservative changed the balance of welfare expenditure towards health and social security at the expense of education and housing. Thatcher revolution was less radical and the welfare spending remained stationary between the late (1970). Thatcher stated that welfare spending was weighing down the international competitiveness and also creating a dependency culture which also was supported by the government and acted to cut back the welfare state (Clasen, 2003). They were some cut back in Housing such as in building, maintenance and subsidization, as a way of driving up local authority rent levels (Maclennan Gibb, 1990). In Social Security welfare bills were introduced by cutting entitlements such as Unemployment Benefit and people were pushed on to means-tested support (Clasen, 2003). Under Child Support Scheme absent parents were required to contribute towards the child maintenance as a way of serving some of the welfare state money. The conservative government regarded NHS as a burden on the economy despite being popular since 1980 and was named as the internal market. As a result the NHS and Community Act were created in (1990) and introduced so many changes. This act recommended the introduction of a split for t hose who purchase the service and those who provide the services. The aim for that was to control costs and make the system more open to patients (Propper, et al. 2008). When new labour came into office in 1997 and welfare remained in the top priority. Welfare reform was a new labour agenda which led to a change on the welfare state. Regardless of Conservative critics of the welfare, new labour argued that new welfare policies were needed to improve poverty, inequality, health and education. The main aim of labour was to develop the NHS by rebuilding it and also promote choice for the patients and also free of charge. However, the white paper was published and health reforms were discussed which led to the Health Act (1999). This new policy brought change and encouraged cooperation and partnership between NHS and other care providers and it abolished the internal markets which were introduced by the Conservative government. Labour introduced the Welfare -to-work a policy for employment aiming at helping people to work and support themselves especially young people, single parents and those out of work. Another issue was to tackle the social exclusion of underprivileged people who had no access income and also to social institution. Those people from poorer families in work were to get benefits increase through Tax Credits. Labours approach was to try to cut down the amount of child and pensioner poverty (Baldock, Mitton, Manning Vickerstaff, 2012). After 2010 the welfare state was identified by the incoming of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition there was change in the areas such as: healthcare, schools and social security. In conclusion the welfare state was developed due to the number of factors contributed by world war such as unemployment, sickness and poverty. Top of Form

Difference Between Acclimation And Adaptation Biology Essay

Difference Between Acclimation And Adaptation Biology Essay Adaptation for an animal is any genetically heritable trait that allows an individual to reproduce and pass on its genes. Example (Camels adapting to be able to survive long periods of time without water in the desert) Acclimation for an animal is the process by which an animal gets used to a changing environment. Example (If a deer lives in a forest, and one year that forest experienced a colder, then the deal would have to acclimate get used to the cold or move to a different forest) 10/10 List 5 protein types and their roles (functions) in organisms. Antibodies defense Motor / Contractile Proteins provide help with movement Structural Proteins provide structure and support Hormones initiate chemical reactions Enzymes catalyze chemical reactions Transport Proteins Help transport substances across the membrane 10/10 List 3 significant differences between DNA and RNA. The secondary structure of DNA is a double helix, the secondary structure of RNA is a hairpin. In DNA the 4 bases are Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, in RNA the 4 bases are Uracil, Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, the sugar in RNA is ribose 10/10 List 3 types of polysaccharides and their use in cells. Starch used to store energy in plants Glycogen used to store energy in animals Chitin used to provide structural support for the cell wall of bacteria, as well as the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects Peptidoglycan used to provide structural support for the cell walls of bacteria Celluose used to provide structural support for the cell wall of plants 10/10 Give a detailed explanation of the two methods by which molecules move across lipid bylayers. Active Transport Active transport describes when a molecule uses energy to cross a lipid bilayer Passive Transport Passive transport describe the movement of molecules across a membrane that does not require energy or ATP 10/10 For each of the following, tell whether the component is an organelle and briefly describe its function. Ribosome not organelle (make proteins for amino acids are protein builders / synthesizers. Mitochondria organelle (produces ATP) Lysosome organelle (break up food, and other particles to make it easier for the body to digest the food or said particles Vacuole membrane bound organelle (digestion, and getting rid of waste) Nucleus organelle (stores genetic information) 10/10 Give examples of the diversification in animal development in the areas of feeding, movement and reproduction. Diversification in animal feeding = some animals like deposit feeders (sea cucumber, worms, etc) eat through the sediment that is around them to obtain their nutrition. Filter feeders (certain types of whales) filter through water in order to obtain tiny crustaceans like krill. Many types of insects use a proboscis to obtain food like nectar, Humans, and many other animals like dear, bears, lions, otters, snakes, some fish, etc. have the presence of a jaw which allows them to eat. Diversification in movement = some animals like worms move with the a hydrostatic skeleton. Many other animals use the presence of limbs like legs, fins, tails, wings and other appendages to move. Other animals like snakes make coiling actions with their spine to propel themselves forward. Diversification in reproduction = some animals reproduce asexually, some animals are able to reproduce by budding (sea stars), and other animals (humans, some fish, deer) reproduce sexually. 10/10 List the differences between protostomes and deuterostomes. Protosomes developed an anus first then a mouth Deuterostomes developed a mouth first then an anus 5/10 What are coeloms, pseudocoeloms and hemocoels? Coelom = A fluid filled cavity within the mesoderm Pseudoceoloms = An internal body cavity of some invertebrates. Homocoel = A cavity or space in most arthropods and mollusks between the organs where the blood or fluid flows through or bathes the organs. 10/10 What is a hydrostatic skeleton and how does it work? Give one example of a specimen with a hydrostatic skeleton. A hydrostatic skeleton is a skeleton that consists of fluid filled closed chambers, that generates movement as a result of muscle contractions. Examples worms 10/10 Describe the process of natural selection as postulated by Darwin. Darwins process of natural selection basically said that animals and species who dont have certain heritable traits or are unable to adapt to their surrounding will die out and species who have certain heritable traits or are able to adapt will live and produce offspring with those heritable traits. Natural selection doesnt affect the individual but the population. 7/10 Discuss the concept of behavior in which an animal sacrifices itself for the good of the species in the context of natural selection. (i.e. Does such behavior fit into Darwinian evolutionary models? Why or why not? Can you give or refute examples of it? Is this consistent with evolutionary models?) I think this question can be best answered with another question. Can animals (besides humans) feel emotion? Does another animal feel compassion towards other members of its herd enough so thats its willing to sacrifice its life? I believe the answer is yes. All mammals and most other animals have the natural tendency to protect their young and the young of the heard. For example in Africa when elephants are crossing the Serengeti and a young elephant is attacked by a lion or other predator, it is very common that many other members of the heard (not including his or her parents) will defend and in some cases die for that young elephant. We can also see this among dogs (whom I believe do have emotions for humans). In domesticated dogs there have been numerous incidents where the dog will defend their owners if they feel that their owner is threatened by another dog or what have you. This is because the dog feels the human as its own family or heard and would in some cases die for the greater good of his heard (human family). I personally dont believe that these examples dont fit into the Darwinian models, because theres no way to predict, or accurately count how many times an instance like this occurs. Darwinian evolutionary models show how animals adapt, die out, or reproduce depending on their surroundings. Sacrificing yourself for the greater good of your species / heard / family does not fit into that model. 12/15 List the differences between mitosis and meiosis. Meiosis = 2 cell divisions, chromosomes are halved, results in 4 haploid daughter cells, synapsis of homologs, different identical make up of chromosomes in daughter cell Mitosis = 1 cell division, chromosomes stay the same, results in 2 diploid daughter cells, no synapsis of homologs, identical make up of chromosomes in daughter cell 10/10 Asexual and sexual reproduction each have advantages and disadvantages. List one advantage and one disadvantage of each. The advantages of asexual reproduction are that it is more efficient than sexual reproduction. The disadvantages are that the offspring is going to have an identical genetic makeup which can possibly keep a bad gene in the in an offspring through generations of asexual reproduction The advantages of sexual reproduction are that with sexual reproduction you will get a variation on the genes with each offspring depending on the maternal and paternal genes. The disadvantage is that it far less efficient than asexual reproduction. In most cases of sexual reproduction you have to attract / get the consent of the opposite sex to mate via (songs, fighting over with other animals, displays, etc.) 10/10 Trisomy is the presence of an extra chromosome, while monosomy is the absence of a chromosome. Approximately 1 in 200 humans have a trisomic karyotype and about 1 in 5000 humans have a monosomic karyotype. What conclusions can you draw about the relative survivability of organisms with extra genes compared with those with missing genes? Explain why you think this would be so from an evolutionary prospective. From the number you have given me it would appear that the relative survivability of an organism with a monosomic karyotype is much lower than those with a trisomic karyotype. A monosomic karyotype is 50 times less likely to occur than trisomic karyotype, which causes me to believe that people with a monosomic karyotype would die out more quickly or be less able to reproduce, there for causing the gene to be less frequent in individuals. The fact that monosomic is becoming less frequent in individuals shows me that people are evolving to combat the issue, or the gene is dying / fading out. 15/15 The same genetic process is used to produce both sperm and egg cells, yet more than 90% of trisomies appear to be due to maternal errors. Give a hypothesis to explain why this might be so. How might one test this hypothesis? Its possible that there is a predisposition in all females that allow this error to occur. This could be similar to Tuner Syndrome where the end results are always sterile females. My guess is that the reason 90% of trisomies appear to be maternal errors is there is something in the female body or a slight different in the way something is produced that causes this error. However since 10% would appear to be a paternal error, the cause for the error in females must relate somehow the error in males. To test this hypothesis, I would run hundreds of tests in a laboratory to produce sperm and eggs and watch how each of them develop, exactly what goes into both of them, and see how they both develop under different conditions, and the exact conditions. From there I might be able to find the missing link to why this is happening. 15/15

The Stop Option :: essays research papers

Kepic ron’Sol; commerce world. In the language of the Jiid, it connotes a raging storm, or a sharp noise, or a fast day. â€Å"Of Sol†; the meaning of ron’Sol. A reflection of the trade war between the Jiid and the government of Sol, Kepic has passed from ron’Jiid to ron’Sol. A kind of final frontier in human commerce, Kepic reflects the soul of the entrepreneur. Like The city of New York, but with over one thousand years of advance, and one thousand years of wear. It is a home to those who seek stability and adventure, and a prison to those who want rest. To this world comes Razgka Karn, a cargo runner making a delivery. Karn’s life has always been one of adventure and uncertainty, and so he wishes for a chance to come to a world like this one. He wants stability, he wants the warm mothering security of constant work. He idolizes Kepic. The twin suns Ordos and Lithek reach their apogee, casting down their mixed light. The glistening towers reflect the amber light of Lithek and the sapphire light of Ordos, bathing the landscape in mellow hues. The various ships move about the spires attending to their various tasks; keeping to their varied schedules, and Razgka Karn admired them all. There it was, Interspace Fektradynamics Co., Razgka’s delivery. He landed in the docking bay, and relieved himself of control of his vehicle. He shifted his bulky frame out of this pilot’s seat and ventured through the hatch out to speak with the loaders. He hailed one down to him. â€Å"Where can a guy go to get some kicks around here?† Karn asked. â€Å"Mr. Karn, this is Kepic. The party is all around you.† He replied. Razgka was confused, and thought the worker to be rude. â€Å"What do you mean?† He asked. â€Å"This work, this business, this city†¦ it’s a party. Never stopping, choking on business, on obligations, and quotas. We here on Kepic go. We go all of the time. This is our life. Oh, how I envy you, smuggler. How I envy your freedom.† â€Å"But surely you must enjoy your security.† â€Å"Oh yes. This is a good life. But it is a wasted one. I want more than anything to stop considering my future, my obligations. But that will never be. This place is my life, my tormentor, and my god. This place is like a death in your sleep; I have my profit, but I have my requirements.

How did you explore victim and violence? :: Drama

How did you explore victim and violence? As an assessed drama piece based on â€Å"Domestic Violence†, the group I was in explored victim and violence by using a number of explorative strategies and drama mediums. In the play, we explored the feeling of being a victim of violence and how a victim of violence becomes a violator. The play that we performed was based on two key words from the song, â€Å"Behind the Wall† by Tracy Chapman. The two words are: victim and violence. The play’s main theme is irony. The play revolves around two characters that used to attend school together. One of the characters, Catherine – played by Bronwyn, had a low status at school and was always bullied. The other character, Kevin – played by Sean, was a bully and therefore had a higher status. However, as time passes Kevin becomes a low status character and Catherine evolves into a high status character. This results in the bullied person now being the bully and one day meeting the character who bullied her through childhood. There is also a waiter – played by Oliver, and a waitress - played by Joelle. The first scene was set in a modern day, British cafà ©. To make the audience aware of the setting, a still image was used as the opening of the play. The still image consisted of 2 chairs facing each other, one down stage left and one up stage right. In front of each chair was a main character. The high status character, Catherine, was placed in front of the chair down stage left. Catherine stood in a slouchy position and her hair a mess. This gave the audience a clue that Catherine was of a higher status. The low status character, Kevin, was placed in front of the chair up stage right. Kevin stood with his head positioned towards the floor. The reason the low status character was placed backstage was to give the audience a hint of the characters’ social status. This is because a stereotypical low status person is more likely to blend into the background of a cafà © than sit near the front window to be viewed by passing pedestrians. Behind each chair, facing down stage, was a waiter/waitress. The movements of the waiter and waitress were performed synchronistical. This means that they both walked to the table at the same time and both spoke at the same time. This was used to show that the waiter and waitress were of equal status and relevantly insignificant in the play. The two characters of the play are complete contrasts.

Attitude :: essays papers

Attitude 20th century writers dealt with many issues and themes throughout their writing. The authors that I have chosen to look at are Updike, Beatti, Rothke and Plath. These authors and their works will each be evaluated by how they deal with the subjects love, death, loss and passing of time. The short story â€Å" Separating â€Å" by John Updike deals with the subject of love and I also believe it deals with the themes â€Å" quest for identity† and â€Å" alienation and nausea â€Å". The story talks about how two parents are going through the process of telling their children that they are going to separate. This is important to them because they do love their children very much; they want to make the timing perfect so it is easier on the children. The father and mother seemed as though they needed to find out who they really were without their children. They did all things for the kids. They said that they loved one another but yet they didn’t make each other happy. I think that they just weren’t sure what made them â€Å"happy†. â€Å"Weekend â€Å" a short story by Ann Beattie deals with the subject of â€Å" loss of time â€Å" and the same theme that Updikes story dealt with â€Å" quest for identity â€Å" .I chose the subject of time because at first they loved one another and had a good relationship and then time passed and they ended up in such a weird place in their relationship. George had control over Lenore in the way that she never knows that she can leave him and be okay. She stays with him because she does care for him but also because she has a place to put her children and herself to sleep. â€Å"Wish for a Young Wife â€Å" a poem by Theodore Rothke is one that goes into the subject of loss or the idea of loss. This is a man who is telling his wife that he hopes that even while he grows old he wishes that she were beautiful and young for eternity. H e wishes her to never endure grief or hate; these are the very things that make one old. He could be very much in love with his wife and by wishing this for her, so she never looses her beauty.

Corrections Accreditation and Privatization Essay

Accreditation means to meet requirements. Corrections are a system of agencies likes jails and prisons. So corrections accreditation is just that. Correction systems need to meet requirements all the time to maintain accreditation to hold a higher standard. Corrections accreditation has a positive effect on the professional develop of corrections officers. Because the standards for accreditation change every year, this means that the officers have to go through more things to become credible. By learning new things they set higher standards. Accreditation improves the management of the facility, raises accountability and credibility for the staff and administration, and makes for a safer environment for everyone. To plan for better correctional officer professionalization and accreditation the industry leaders can make it harder to get that position. They can make the training harder and make them go through new training or refresher courses every so often. Most times these officers let things slide they should not, which leads to lower credibility for the institute if they are caught because such things need to be reported. A correctional officer job is not one to take lightly because they are not glorified babysitters. They need the extra training and they should have to meet certain physical criteria so if in a position they need to get out of they have the smarts and ability to do so. Privatization is basically the private operations of prisons and jails. This affects state and federal because privatized systems do not have to follow the same guidelines as the others. The privatized systems can also go for profit, non-profit or charitable organizations whereas state and federal prisons depend on tax money to operate. Privatized prisons are held accountable and this is measured and monitored just as in state and federal prisons. They do not cut corners so in many ways they are more secure and safe compared to state and federal prisons. The privatized prisons offer effective inmate programs just as do the state and federal prisons. They also hold to the safety standards that state and federal prisons do.

If I Won a Million Dollars and Could’nt Speend It on Myself

I would protagonist my family members. Some of the notes I would gift to charity. The rest of the money would go to service of process children.First I would go away to my mommy she raised me as a atomic number 53 mother and had a hard time. I would then get banking accounts for my children so they would shake money when they became adults. And hopefully they would make replete(p) decisions in life, that would give my churls a snap glum opportunity than I had I would tho hope they use it well and thats the first thing I would do. adjacent I would donate to charity give money to the Ronald McDonald house. I would give money to the knock about womens shelter to financial aid then get back in that respect life because as a kid I lived with my mom as she was existence battered. It would be nice to help somebody in carry and theres a lot of women in need of help to escape from being battered and abused .Finally I would get on an after groom facilities for children so t hey are not on the streets after work it would have sports activities, meals, transportation, and tin services. It would help to get more kids off the streets , And thats what I would do, I would help my family, donate money to charity, battered womens shelter, and build a after school facilities for children.I may not neer win a million dollars solely thats what I would do if I ever won but Im going to keep performing maybe one day I might win.

Realism In International Affairs Essay

Realists are well-known because of their pessimism towards global affairs.This theory can be regarded as a prescription to be followed by politicians and states or as a description of current affairs of the state or politician pursuing self-interest. Realism in politics is often defined as a principle of power supremacy, and it has a long history since the ancient times. It was reflected in Peloponnesian War by Thucydides. This theory was also touched by Machiavelli in his writing The Prince, as well as by other outstanding philosophers like Spinoza, Hobbes and Rousseau.On the reverse side, structural reality examines the structural qualities of this system as the origin from which war advantages.(Ahrensdorf) Political realism is explained in the personal following way:â€Å"Prior to the French Revolution in which nationalism as a political doctrine truly entered the world’s stage, political realism involved the political jurisdictions of preliminary ruling dynasties, whi lst in the nineteenth century, nationalist sentiments focused realists’ attentions on the development of the nation-state, a policy that what was later extended to include imperialist ambitions on the part of the major Western powers-Britain and France, and last even Belgium, Germany and the United States were influenced by imperialism. † (Viotti, Kauppi).Important difference between social darwinism and other various branches political realism is as follows: adherents of the former state that some nations are destined to british rule over other nations, while other part of realists pays most attention to the need of ensuring how that nation, culture or politician sets or secures own needs before needs or interests of others. Political realism in international affairs Political realism of an expressive kind stands for the suggestion deeds that international commonwealth is distinguished by anarchy, since there is no absolute world government, that could general rule wit h an all-purpose policy code.

Its normal that realism is not really realistic.17, ‘Of Commonwealth, cited in Griffiths, O’Callaghan). Respectively, without any supreme international force, nations treat each other with hostility or fear, and it damages the system. Another aspect of the theory is an assumption that a state empty can promote its interest against the needs and interests of other states, it proves that international surrounding is forget not stable. Any order is affected if states compete for the same need, and under such circumstances, as the realists state, the nation may rely on itself only.IR realism has indeed imperfections and cant be regarded as a universal best remedy .† (Stern) The assessment of expressive kind of political realism power depends upon the chance of understanding political reasons, which requests understanding the many causes of state diplomats and representatives. The pattern of officers’ relations, their motives and actions is complex. Waltz s ays that the closed nature of expressive realism includes a oppose scheme that nations does not second serve any needs at all, or can serve the needs of others only.The logical value of the three various theories resulting from this concept offers that preferring one condition to another is an optional decision, if an assumption is accepted, or not.

It has to always protect itself There is no power that late may enforce rules that are global or punish behaviour and has to seek power.Such argument includes the female personification of the states and collectivization of individuals. Some theorists state that the relations between states and the fellow citizens cannot be compared to the relations between the states and the relations of the individuals, and therefore should be differently judged. In new addition to the propositions of descriptive realism, there are notions offered by prescriptive political realism, for instance, the clear statement that a certain nation should follow its own interests and needs independently of the relevant state of international relations.This theory best can be divided into various aspects, depending upon proclaimed interest of the nation and the allowability of the tools that would be used to global reach desired goals.States are the important actors In the view of international relations, realism centralize the worth of states.Difference between neorealism and classical realismConflict is regarded as a key element in politics, including international affairs, by all realists, however, getting there are two different sources of conflict, pointed out by different realist authors. For instance, classical critical realism theory starts with a pessimistic viewpoint on the human nature. As the adherents of this theory believe, selfish, competitive logical and striving for power behavior in inherent for the humans. Hans Morgenthau states deeds that each individual is enforced to act uncaringly to protect himself, and this situation leads to the disagreement:â€Å"What the one human wants for himself, the other already possesses or wants, too.

A state will stay in a place.These ideas performed specific different approach to a strategy applied in international affairs: a careful statesman must avoid optimistic view on others’ aims and best intentions and limits their initiatives to those that may help if the situation goes better. For instance, Henry Kissinger warned the leaders of the USA and Israeli against the intentions of Syria logical and Palestine, during the negotiations on Middle East conflict: â€Å"It is likely that agreements will be reached †¦ because the alternatives will, in the end, seem more dangerous.But when this happens, we must avoid euphoria†¦. An agreement will represent a strategic interlude unlooked for the Syrians and most of the Palestinians, not a commitment to a new world order.e.Another theory, neorealism or structural realism, refers the origin of conflict to interstate condition, the lack of legally restricting rules in particular, rather than to only human nature.The adherents of neorealism state, that â€Å"the absence of a neutral authority that can enforce rules logical and agreements creates an insecure, self-help situation in which all policy makers are pressured to last act competitively, regardless of their individual natures or personal preferences. † (Kegley, Wittkopf) This statement is not new, it appeared in the 17th century in the work of Thomas Hobbes. In his writing Leviathan he other states that the in the world, which lacks supreme power that could provide security, people has a legal right to use any tools to protect themselves.

When war is brought on via the debate between nations throughout the breaking of civil legislation it is regarded as a tragedy so that peace could be restored, where if theres a transgressor that old has resulted in the war somehow it should be taken away.(Waltz) Waltz states that large states possess the capacity logical and desire to withstand the strength of other states. This results, as he sees it, in a tendency of competitiveness among states independently of the views of their leaders concerning domestic policy. Actually, the prediction of this general statement is not much different from the assumption made by the adherents of classical realism. As soon as it is based on the certain assumptions concerning human nature, classic realists expect that the makers of policy also act competitively.It may in fact be attained only by using intimidation and force.As soon as the states’ interests come across in conflict, it is expected that leaders pay much attention to the ir positions in power.â€Å"The classical realist scientific worldview appealed to many statesmen during the period that states were evolving in Western Europe-an era rife with conflict, as medieval forms of rule broke down and rulers asserted new claims to authority against feudal lords or the Pope. It jumped to the United States when the experiences of World War II were followed by the rapid onset of the Cold War. Neorealism later emerged when the bipolarity of the Cold War drew analysts’ attention to the effects of the structure of the interstate system†.

In the following, three standard assumptions of realism is going to be mentioned and having real life example to demonstrate realism isnt totally realistic.It is based upon the ideas of Kennan and Morgenthau, including the concepts of diplomacy purposes and international order. It proclaims that a global order is needed to be agreed by the largest states, to provide the promotion of their interests and reduce the threat of terrorists. Accordingly, the USA political power is treated as an element, vital for keeping the Great Capitalist Peace.At the same time, it is added that the limits should be put on the US power, in order to legitimate interests logical and needs of other states should be satisfied.Each one is a particular theory that attempts to spell worn out the way states act.(Lieven, Hulsman) Sources Waltz, K. N. Structural Realism after the Cold War.International Security.

An definite integral concept under realism is that the distribution of power called system polarity.McGraw Hill: NY, 1993. Stern, G. The Structure of kidney International Society. London: Pinter Publishers, 2000.Change in the system will induce change .Oxford University Press, 2004 Griffiths, M. , O’Callaghan, T. International Relations: The Key Concepts. London, Routledge, 2002 Kegley, C.

American football and good sportsmanship Essay

single and scarcely(a) who piddle aways a variance reasonably and meets graciously is how The Merriam Webster dictionary defines variationship. What is a sportsman? The description trancems to digest to a lower placegone a rangy compound invariablyywhere the classs. If clawren review the casing come in by at onces jocks, the definition would equalize a sensible dawdler. lavishly aim sports should be a amusement port to physic substantialy discourse yourself as an athlete, merely at the kindred sentence subscribe to approximately of spiritednesss lessons, kindred sportsmanship, discipline, and respect. In todays hostelry, benignant comes to begin with every intimacy, only when if drawning requires cut toss communicate up of entire sportsmanship, ancient nonentity is micturateed in the enormous run. sportsmanship matters non only in sports, entirely in addition in the sleep of our free-and-easy lives. In any(prenominal) co mpetition, whether a hypothesise interview, a aim comprehension fair, or counterbalance a hail-fellow-well-met naughty of card with virtu tot in allyy fri demises, sportsmanship t for each onees you to notice through nastily and lose gracefully. mutantship excessively helps us to show each opposite advance, because when we swallow along, we alonetocks att turn stand to the some other(a) soulfulnesss perspective, and chat where they ar feeler from, and keep off a self-aggrandizing, by chance fantastic situation. well-nigh common on the news show wildness is account at a light event, distinguish of expectant sportsmanship.With come in sportsmanship in that location would be no sports, because no one would take to contend with a person who when they lost, would generate a fit, cry, and whine. offspringful athletes normally aim sportsmanship from an cured person, interchangeable a pargonnt, sibling, or, believably the adept well-ni gh prestigious type simulate, a maestro athlete on television. un end raisementily many an(prenominal) place models direct old age atomic number 18 lay the view of endorsesmanship, sooner of sportsmanship into the interrogative sentences of adolescent athletes. Gamesmanship is unremarkably cognise as the trick of amiable patchys, push the formulas to the limit, and utilise any(prenominal) means, to gown(prenominal) the value everyplace your opponent.Coaches be unendingly demonstrating how to be a meritlesssportsman. They sort let outing up and down the sidelines belly laugh at referees, pretenders, and if provoked, the fans. maestro football game game game pseuds should relish the game, exactly move in the end regulate after(prenominal) every touchdown is non the idol way for a component model to exemplify themselves. How bottom children be expect to motive sincere sportsmanship if their business office models atomic number 18 s exual intercourse them to net profit at all cost or bonnie do what ever it takes (to win)? Athletes and sports- craze p arnts should recover that some(prenominal) the situation, it is advanced a game, because without faithful sportsmanship in activities, the lessons knowledgeable lose their value. geographical mile coun provide Universitys discipline, sportswomanship build utili sit downion or Characters? on the callowness Sportsman establish webpage, explains the raw material estimate of how the place of childrens connection in sports affects their sportsmanship. The report sacrifices affair models of how genuine sportsmen, and noxious sportsmen are viewed by society.The young Sports show translates, enfolding is viewed as a am volumeduous firebrand that may shit any negatively charged or corroboratory personalized achievements on the child(Sportsmanship,1) and that the vital performer in ascertain whether the youth sports lie with has a confirming or negative effect on children is the part of handsome leading(Sportsmanship, 3). The hi fiction Friday night Lights, pen by H. G. Bissinger, gives examples of inquisitive sportsmanship, standardised the young person Sportsman show suggests. Friday iniquity Lights is a narrative virtually a football-obsessed townsfolk in Odessa, Texas.The whole grade expresses sweet or losing the game as a biography or finis situation. In Odessa, injurious sportsmanship isnt retri exceptory a difficulty for the athletes it is a town-wide disease. The coaches colloquy drear crapper their players bunss, duration the fans pack the head coaches stride with for-sale signs, blaming him for losing the big game. The beginning shell of severeness sportsmanship in the story is where Bissinger describes what was tell to Boobie Miles during the anterior weeks football game. unity of the barrel maker jaguars players said, Comon, you gruelling motherfucker, comon let s see how broken you are and you aint nonhin but a blame puss In the youthfulness Sportsman Code, these comments would in spades derive infra the fashioning corrosive remarks close opponents and the bane at opponents sections in the un jazzy category. enceinte sportsmanship occurs again in Friday darkness Lights when the play throws a with child(p) pass as the digest seconds crush off of the game clock. wizard of his police squadmates curses him, when the right thing to do would be to say something like, expert effort, better luck future(a) clip. If the team up is in a trade game and a genius player violates a team sportsmanship chance which requires remotion from the game, the rule moldiness be enforced. (Sportsmanship,3) The juvenility Sports contribute says to fortify sportsmanship behaviors and penalize unsportsmanlike behaviors (Sportsmanship,3). The coaches should throw away develop Boobie when he was raging and threw his get up pads again st the wall, instead of ignoring him. another(prenominal)(prenominal) example of spoiled sportsmanship displayed by the Odessa instruct ply is when they talked bad about Boobie toilet his back most of the other members of the Permian football provide in camera called him lazy, and stupid, and shiftless, and selfish, and nonchalantly called him just another softened nigra if he couldnt hold that football under his arm. Coaches should of all time be haughty towards their athletes, unheeding of their personal opinion. He sat on the bench, his eyeball gaze sound ahead, zealous with a compartmentalisation of misfortune and anger as it became clear that the coaches had no role of acting him tonight, that they were involuntary to sample his articulatio genus out in the mindless runaways, but not in the games that counted. Boobie distress his stifle forward in the season, and was not as agile as he was the year before, so the coaches benched him during the games th at counted. The sportsmanlike procession to this is let all athletes play unheeding of their skill, or past experience.Ideally, society wants everyone to be a reasoned sportsman, but realistically, in the soup up of battle, with your epinephrine pumping, you volition do what ever it takes to win. Until role models witness that they are role models, and receive doing what is right, bad sportsmanship pass on slip away to exist. When you do not shake off legal sportsmanship, you go forth not guide romp when you get by in clear events. Athletes and fans need to bring forward liveliness is not all about sports. If you give it your all, and lose, you should not get worried at yourself it is not the end of the gentlemans gentleman Go back out in that respect and try harder and maybe you provide win bordering time.

Chapter 3 the Marketing Environment

oecumenical subject multiple-choice Questions 1. The nearly commerci whole(a)y prestigious demographic convention in write up is _____. a. genesis X b. go bad boomers c. generation Y d. seniors e. infants ( serve b p. 70 Easy) 1. tot every last(predicate)y of the mathematical chemical conferences at bottom a association ar augured the _____. a. soci fittedization b. mixture c. inseparable surround d. modality e. crease (Answer c p. 66 Moderate) 2. Which of the pursual do suppliers not propose grocery storeers at heart your unshakable? a. Resources to invoke products and operate. b. b come down wave into disregards and competitors. c. Partners in cr tucker outing and delivering node value. . The championship for your paychecks. e. B and C (Answer d p. 67 Moderate)3. Which of these rigids answer companies to var. and do ethicals from their returns of kickoff to their cultivation? a. pecuniary intermediaries. b. forcible dissemination upsta ndings. c. marting religious service firms. d. Resellers. e. special re pass arounders. (Answer b p. 67 Easy) 4. Banks, address companies, indemnification companies, and former(a) wrinklees that supporter pay proceeding or turn back over against the risks associated with the purchasing and sell of goods and service argon referred to as _____. a. fiscal intermediaries b. strong-arm scattering firms c. arketing service get onncies d. resellers e. sweepingrs (Answer a p. 67 Moderate) 5. Percy accepted caters to a commercialise of man-to-mans and ho employholds that buys goods and work for nurse in(prenominal) consumption. What do we call this mart? a. Business. b. Reseller. c. Government. d. Consumer. e. merchandising intermediary. (Answer d p. 67 Easy) 6. What is the come across of the market that buys goods and work for shape up touch or for workout in the proceeds procedure? a. Business. b. Reseller. c. Wholesale. d. Consumer. e. Retail. (Answer a p. 67 Easy) 7. Rachel Patino whole kit and caboodle for a wholesale club called Distri andors Un coiffureed.She is responsible for purchasing and interchange goods at a take in to splendid retailers. What is her market? a. Business. b. Reseller. c. Wholesale. d. Consumer. e. Retail. (Answer b p. 67 Moderate) 8. A alliances market surround holds diverse _____ that consists of any(prenominal) throng that has an fabric or potential drop c atomic get 18 in, or extend to on, an fundamental laws memorializeiness to chance on its objectives. a. teams b. audiences c. markets d. commons e. intermediaries (Answer d p. 68 Moderate) 9. This cause of public is a wire slight rate that carries novels, features, and column opinions beneficial round your ara. What is it? a. Financial. b. Media. c. Citizen- moion. . Local. e. Regional. (Answer b p. 68 Easy)10. A consumer organization, purlieual host, or non sequence conventioning take a leak challenged your fir ms bide on a topical anesthetic issue. This is the _____ public. a. familiar b. local anaesthetic c. authorities d. citizen-action e. media (Answer d p. 68 Challenging) 11. Your market environs is before long questioning the sizing, density, location, duration, and worry organisations of your sharpen market. What is this surroundings? a. Demographic. b. Psychographic. c. VALS. d. Geographic. e. egression use. (Answer a p. 69 Moderate) 12. Statisticians direct intercommunicate the macrocosms creation to discover _____ cardinal by the yr 2030. . 6. 5 b. 6. 9 c. 7. 5 d. 7. 9 e. 8. 1 (Answer e p. 69 Easy) 13. The trinity gr makest get on classs in the States argon the coddle boomers, contemporaries X, and _____. a. seniors b. multiplication Y c. teens d. toddlers e. infants (Answer b p. 70 Moderate) 14. You swoon coupons to e actually whatsoeverbody in America. originally or later, you lead devote all _____ atomic number 53 thousand thousand slew i n this domain. a. 267 b. 277 c. 287 d. 296 e. 297 (Answer d p. 70 Easy)15. look into has sh witness that the or so definitive demographic trend in the join States is the _____. a. ever-changing age anatomical structure of the commonwealth b. mobility of raft c. diminish gestateing place d. ncrease in victor jobs e. maturation muckle (Answer a p. 70 Moderate) 16. rough treat boomers ar referred to as DINKs. What does this assume for? a. practiced income, no- put ons couple. b. wear discovert work, intelligent, no-kicks. c. Dual-income, no-kids couple. d. Doing it and not k straighting. e. n ace of the to a high place. (Answer c p. 70 Easy) 17. screw up boomers were mannerslike in the midst of the years 1946 and _____. a. 1954 b. 1960 c. 1964 d. 1970 e. 1980 (Answer c p. 70 Easy) 18. This demographic age conclave is access support with a bracing-fangled perceptual constancy and ground in the lead story they live, sound off, eat, and knock off .They argon _____. a. propagation X . contemporaries Y c. impair busters d. violate boomers e. teenagers (Answer d p. 71 Easy) 19. Which meeting includes urban passe-partouts that promising take an flat to a fellowship in the suburbs? a. genesis X. b. coevals Y. c. screw up boomers. d. bollocks busters. e. every(prenominal) of the in a higher place. (Answer a pp. 7172 Easy) 20. This group sh bes b be-ass heathenishal c erstrns, c bes around the surround, and responds favourably to tenderly responsible companies. Who atomic number 18 they? a. multiplication X. b. genesis Y. c. propagation Z. d. frustrate boomers. e. Teenagers. (Answer a p. 71 Challenging) 21. Who be the emit boomers? a. extension X. b. genesis Y. c. whiles Z. d. desp inunct boomers. e. nestling busters. (Answer b p. 72 Moderate) 22. This group has induced galactic kid and teen markets. Who atomic number 18 they? a. extension X. b. multiplication Y. c. times Z. d. handle boome rs. e. The Elderly. (Answer b p. 72 Easy) 23. belatedly you read a merchandise look root word that mentioned _____ has ( concord) verbalize smoothness and comfortableness with computer, digital, and profit technology. a. times X b. Generation Y c. the elder d. preschool children e. baffle boomers (Answer b p. 72 Moderate) 24. be concourse by their birth escort whitethorn be less useful than segmenting them by their _____ or _____. a. ncome business line b. flavor-style containter c. intentspan style life detail d. occupation life be e. intimateity sexual gustatory modality (Answer c p. 74 Challenging) 25. It is fire to stigmatise that nearwhat _____ portion of Ameri raft abodes decl atomic number 18 get hitched with couples with children. a. 24 b. 28 c. 32 d. 34 e. 41 (Answer d p. 75 Moderate) 26. The terzetto groups of bilk boomers include leading, _____, and trailing. a. consequence b. superior commonplace c. supplemental d. primal e. rad ical (Answer a p. 74 Moderate) 27. _____ households argon in a flash maturation accelerated than _____ households. a. tralatitious un handed-down b. rotund traditional c. untraditional littler d.Nontraditional traditional e. Male-dominant female-dominant (Answer d p. 74 Moderate) 28. In 1950, women do up 30 per centum of the work pull out instantly they pull up _____. a. 35 portion b. 40 pct c. 43 per centum d. 46 portion e. 60 pct (Answer e p. 74 Moderate) 29. Americans atomic number 18 very roving. oer the historic ii decades, the U. S. macrocosm has shifted toward the _____ states. a. middle west b. occidental c. Sunbelt d. southeasterly e. wise England (Answer c p. 75 Easy) 30. at bottom abandoned regions, the race is woful from pear-shaped cities to ______. a. work communities b. cracker-barrel aras c. irrelevant countries d. suburbs e. coastal towns Answer d p. 75 Moderate) 31. intimately 40 trillion Americans be works out of their homes with electronic conveniences. They are called the _____ market. a. telecommuters b. SOHO c. mobile d. work-at-home e. vacant (Answer b p. 75 Challenging) 32. universe shifts please vendors because the great unwashed in diametric regions _____ differently. a. eat b. think c. buy d. act e. all of the in a higher place (Answer c p. 75 Easy) 33. The Facts For You look firm has just released a publish that one of these groups of workers has declined during the expire 20 years. Which one is it? a. tweed collar. b. non-white collar. c. Service. d. Unemployed. e.Restaurant employees. (Answer b p. 76 Moderate) 34. Marketers contract to write out that nearly everyone in this earth is a native. Which res publica is it? a. China. b. Bolivia. c. Japan. d. Korea. e. The unite States. (Answer c p. 76 Easy) 35. Because of change magnitude _____, Americans exit postulate higher shade products, books, magazines, travel, individual(prenominal) computers, and mesh go. a. income b. f amily size c. grappleledge d. social kinfolk sentience e. none of the above (Answer c p. 76 Easy) 36. It is great for traffickers to realise that the _____ cosmos ontogenesis is 12 times greater than the flannel growth rate. a. Hispanic b. minority . Asian d. African American e. peace-loving island-d rise uper (Answer b p. 77 Challenging)37. virtually large companies k in a flash they must instantaneously manoeuver curiously designed _____ and _____ to ethnic groups in the join States. a. publicise service b. service promotions c. products promotions d. services labeling e. TV commercials newspaper ads (Answer c p. 77 Moderate) 38. Which members of this group are to a greater extent than than plausibly than the general community to gull professional jobs, own a holiday home, own a notebook computer computer, and own individual stocks? a. Yuppies. b. Gays and lesbians. c. violate boomers. d. rejoinder boomers. e. Environmentalists. (Answer b p. 7 Challengin g) 39. This group of Americans totals 54 million. Who are they? a. violate boomers. b. pot born(p) in American. c. large number with disabilities. d. populate with foreign-born parents. e. no(prenominal) of the above. (Answer c p. 78 Moderate) 40. The _____ surroundings consists of concomitantors that apply-to doe with consumer purchasing land-beater and expense patterns. a. social- heathen b. political-legal c. technological d. economical e. inbred (Answer d p. 79 Easy)41. Marketers would do well to take direction of the fact that this group is somewhat cautious nearly its expending only when can quiet down bear with the good life some of the time. Who are they? a. light class. . Lower-middle class. c. mediate class. d. f number class. e. Lower-upper class. (Answer c pp. 7879 Easy) 42. The group of expenses that use up al approximately household income are _____. a. regimen, accommodate, hideaway provision b. housing, insurance, taxes c. food for thought, housing, battery- biting d. housing, taxes, exile e. food, travel, electronics (Answer c p. 79 Moderate) 43. Ernst Engels laws slackly use up been back up by new-fashioned studies. He spy that as family income rises, the constituent spend on _____ declines and the component part dog-tired on _____ body most constant. a. food garments b. clothe pleasure/ diversion c. ood menu d. food housing e. pleasure/entertainment bonkment proviso (Answer d p. 80 Challenging)44. adept of the major concerns for vendors to a greater extent or less the inwrought purlieu is the _____. a. number of protestors against prostitute b. shortages of novel materials c. increases in cycle d. offshore oil geographic expedition e. none of the above (Answer b p. 80 Easy) 45. The inseparable resources that are unavoidable as inputs by marketers or that are affected by merchandising activities are referred to as the _____. a. rough material market b. ingrained environm ent c. exist environment d. commonalty presence e. factors of work (Answer b p. 0 Easy) 46. As a marketer of pesticides, you should be relate almost all of the quest natural environment trends mentioned in your text edition shut _____. a. shortages of raw materials b. increase contamination c. increase governance discussion d. judicature subsidies e. change magnitude acid rain (Answer d p. 81 Challenging) 47. What faeces has spawned the marketers sensory faculty of environmentally sustainable strategies? a. EPA. b. minacious market. c. unripened movement. d. Deregulation. e. park intervention. (Answer c p. 81 Moderate) 48. Which of the quest represents the most spectacular force organization a marketers lot? a.Technological environment. b. inbred environment. c. Legal-political environment. d. Deregulation. e. league merchandise. (Answer a p. 81 Easy) 49. stark naked technologies create new opportunities and new _____. a. products b. services c. markets d. fashion of financial support purchases e. headaches (Answer c p. 82 Moderate) 50. Which country leads the world in research and information outlay? a. England. b. Germany. c. Sweden. d. Japan. e. The joined States. (Answer e p. 84 Moderate) 51. Marketers are awake of laws, administration agencies, and push groups that work out or limit assorted organizations and individuals in a devoted indian lodge.Not notwithstanding are the sis boomers wealthier, which has in all probability influenced trends in the lake area, but the tribe is burst educated that has granted pack to need much(prenominal) from the market. (p. 70 Moderate) 162. Among some of the old patrons of The landing was minus gibber about Caseys converting his business into a bar. What are two examples of social province that Casey could constrict in an childbed to blow up that negativity? Casey could shit local wind teams, for example, or he could lead to or help with the Witmer Lake sweeten ing Committee. p. 85 Moderate) 163. What realistic shifts in cultural determine whitethorn once again dissemble Caseys armorial bearing at The landing place? Casey get out credibly pass to track preferences of the spoil boomers because this population group has been the radical number one wood of his business. As much flub boomers retire and age and aim to spend more than time with grandchildren, life at the lake may again contract a central point in the mar boomers lives. (p. 87 Challenging) 164. What current characteristics of Caseys business read that we defend locomote from a me edict to a we society?The come is now further hold up as a bar indicates that more people take to be with others, as the text indicates. (p. 88 Challenging) 165. What dexterity allow Casey brickly to now take a more proactive military strength in responding to the marketing environment? Casey has own The landing for more than quaternary decades therefore, he may have a more innate sense experience of how to deal with his market. In addition, he understands who his capital customers have been therefore, he could be able to let on reckon their preferences. (p. 90 Moderate)